提升教育能降低家务劳动时间的性别差异吗?——基于CFPS数据的证据

Can Education Reduce Gender Gap in Housework Time?——Based on Evidence from CFPS Statistics

本文基于2018年CFPS数据,实证分析了受教育程度的边际变化对家务劳动时间性别差异的影响及其异质性。研究发现:中国教育婚姻匹配以“门当户对”为主,随着经济社会的发展,“女高男低”的婚姻匹配现象也越来越常见。女性受教育水平的提高通过影响工作收入和工作时间等经济因素,显著降低了其家务劳动时间,也缩小了家务劳动时间性别之间的绝对差异。同时,受教育程度的提高能降低传统观念等非经济因素导致的家务劳动时间的性别不平等;提高女性受教育水平,尤其是高中教育的普及率,可以降低家务劳动时间分配的性别差异,环节轻性别不平等状况。

Based on the data of 2018 CFPS,this article discusses the impact of different education levels on gender differences and inequality in housework time.The research found that,in China,the educational marriage matching is mainly based on“similar rank”,and with the development of economy and society,the number of“female high male low”matching models is growing;the improvement of women's education level could reduce their housework time significantly by influencing working income and working hours,and decrease the absolute gap in housework time between different gender meanwhile.Besides,higher education level could also contribute to the reduction of gender housework difference and relieve the inequality caused by non-economic factors like traditional concepts.What's more,improving the level of education of women,especially the popularization rate of basic education,is helpful to reduce the differences in the distribution of housework time between different genders and relieve the inequality in society.