以图释义:博物馆教育阐释中“图”的应用及策略

Interpreting with Pictures:Usages and Strategies of"Pictures"in Museum Education

博物馆从面向知识阶层到面向所有公众转变的历史进程中,越来越重视教育阐释,即希望通过各种方式实现研究人员的学术性、权威性和公众所需要的通俗性、趣味性之间的沟通与平衡。以图释义是博物馆教育诸多阐释方式中的一种,需要把观众需求同博物馆专业知识相结合,综合考虑图的应用场景,并需讲究一定的应用策略。应用层面,主要有展览解析图的应用、科普读本的插图应用和绘本应用;策略层面,要在以图释义中关注图的艺术性、知识的隐含性、现实的关联性,以及与观众的情感沟通。以图释义是对博物馆学术成果的创造性转化,反映出优秀传统文化创新性发展的新趋势,值得业界同仁更多关注与深入研究。

In the historical process of transforming from being intelligentsia-oriented to public-oriented,museums have been paying growing attention to educational interpreting,a wide array of methods through which museums aim to build a bridge between the academic,authoritative studies conducted by researchers and the visible,entertaining contents needed by the public.Interpreting with pictures,as one of the methods,needs to combine the audience needs with the museum knowledge,comprehensively consider the application settings,and involves certain practical strategies.Regarding the usages,it mainly includes exhibition graphics and diagrams,illustrations in popular science books,and visual narratives in children’s picture books.Regarding the strategies,it focuses on the artistry of illustrations,the implicitness of knowledge,the relevance of reality,and the emotional resonance with the audience.Interpreting with pictures is one of the efforts to creatively translate museum academic achievements into more public-oriented contents,and a new trend in promoting the creative development of China’s fine traditional culture,thereby deserving more attention and in-depth research by museum professionals.