慢性肾脏病大鼠认知障碍研究

The Research of Cognitive Impairment in CKD Rats

目的:通过动物实验进一步证实慢性肾脏病大鼠存在认知障碍。方法:30只雄性SD大鼠随机平均分为3组,即对照组(a组),早期CKD组(b组),肾衰竭组(c组),采用肾切除法建立慢性肾脏病模型。造模后大鼠饲养24周并处死,处死前所有大鼠完成Morris水迷宫实验及跳台实验。留取大鼠血清、肾组织及脑组织标本待检。结果:(1)a、b组大鼠血肌酐水平差异无统计学意义,c组血肌酐水平显著增高;(2)a组大鼠肾脏病理无明显改变,b组病变轻微,c组存在明显病理改变;(3)光镜下观察a组、b组大鼠脑组织海马区均无明显病理改变,c组出现脑水肿及血管瘀血;(4)Morris水迷宫实验中三组大鼠第一次到达平台时间呈逐渐延长趋势,穿越平台次数呈逐渐减少趋势,三组间相比均存在统计学差异;跳台实验中三组大鼠潜伏期呈现逐渐缩短趋势,且三组间相比差异均存在统计学意义。结论:慢性肾脏病大鼠存在认知功能障碍,即便是早期CKD也存在认知功能减退,且其严重程度随肾损害加重。

Objective:To confirm the existence of cognitive impairment in rats with chronic kidney disease(CKD)by animal model.Methods:30 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group(group a),early CKD group(group b)and renal failure group(group c).The animal model of CKD was established by nephrectomy.After modeling,the rats were fed for 24 weeks.Before all the rats were killed.Morris water maze test and step down test were completed.Serum,kidney and brain specimens were collected for examination.Results:(1)There were no significant differences in Scr level between group a and group b,but the Scr levels in group c were significantly higher than that in group a and group b.(2)There were no obvious pathological changes of kidney in group a,while the pathological changes in group b were slight,and the pathological changes in group c were more obvious.(3)No obvious pathological changes were observed in the hippocampal of the brain tissues of the rats in group a and b,but there were brain edema and blood vessel congestion in group c.(4)In the Morris water maze test,the time of the rats reaching the platform for the first time showed a trend of gradually lengthening,and the number of crossing the platform showed a trend of gradually decreasing.And the differences among the three groups were significant.In the step down test,the incubation period of rats in the three groups was gradually shortened,and there were significant differences among the three groups.Conclusion:We confirmed the existence of cognitive impairment in CKD rats,even in early CKD.The degree of cognitive impairment was related to the degree of renal impairment.