恩格斯的解释学思想及其当代意义

Engels'Hermeneutic Thought and Its Contemporary Significance

西方马克思主义对恩格斯的误读、批评与马克思主义理解史上解释学视域的开启密切相关,过度强调文本理解过程中读者与作者的间距,也就放大了恩格斯与马克思的思想差异。在方法论层面对此深度回应,要求我们回到恩格斯本人的解释学立场。事实上,恩格斯尽管没有使用过“解释学”概念,但在其关于“理解”“解释”的相关论述中,尤其是在马克思主义经典文本的序言、马克思遗稿整理出版的说明以及与诸多马克思主义“误解者”的论战中,却表达了极其丰富的解释学思想。这些思想涵盖了理解的本质及其对象、理解的条件及其限度、文本的意义及其来源、理解的相对性与绝对性、正确理解的可能性、理解的对错之分及其判断标准等诸多解释学基本问题。当前,深入挖掘和系统梳理恩格斯的解释学思想,对深度驳斥西方马克思主义对恩格斯的诘难、准确把握马克思恩格斯的思想关系以及“回到马克思”“让马克思走进当代”的关系、正确审视不同解释学流派、系统构建马克思主义解释学等一系列重大理论问题来说,具有极其重要的启示意义。

The misreading and criticism of Engels by Western Marxism is closely related to the opening of the hermeneutic horizon in the history of Marxist understanding.The overemphasis on the distance between the reader and the author in the process of understanding the text magnifies the ideological gap between Engels and Marx.Therefore,we should return to Engels'own hermeneutical standpoint to give an in depth response methodologically.Engels,in fact,had not used the term"hermeneutics",but expressed the thought of hermeneutics abundantly in his expositions of"understanding"and"explanation"about Marxism,especially in the editing and publishing of the prologue of Marxist classic text and Marx's posthumous manuscript,and the debates against many people who misunderstood Marxism.These thoughts covered many basic problems of hermeneutics,such as the essence and object of understanding,the conditions and limits of understanding,the meaning and source of text,the relativity and absoluteness of understanding,the possibility of correct understanding,the distinction between right and wrong in understanding and the criterion of judgment.Currently,it is of great significance to trace and study Engels'hermeneutic thoughts deeply so as to solve a series of important theory problems systematically,such as refuting the heckling against Engels from Western Marxism,grasping the relationship between Marx's and Engels'thoughts,and between the trend of"return to Marx"and"Let Marx enter the contemporary"accurately,inspecting the different genres correctly,and constructing the Marxist hermeneutics systematically.