农村生活用能对老年人健康的影响

Impact of Household Energy Consumption on Health of the Elderly in Rural China

农村生活用能与健康、贫困、室内空气污染密不可分,但是深入农户调查的实证研究还很匮乏。利用“农户用能及福祉”微观调查数据,采用分层多级抽样方法,结合中国农村现状对城镇化中农村生活用能与老年人健康风险及“贫困陷阱”的关系进行研究。研究发现:老年人使用清洁燃料组合用能与其健康自评呈显著正向关系,而使用“清洁+固体”燃料组合用能则与其健康自评呈显著负向关系;老年人使用不同组合用能与其呼吸系统慢性病呈显著负向关系;研究反映出清洁燃料能够改善其主观健康,而固体燃料则损害其主观健康以及引起损害或恶化其客观健康;并且农村老年人或许会陷入因能源或经济的贫困选择使用固体燃料,致病、致贫或返贫,继续使用固体燃料的“贫困陷阱”这一恶性循环中。因此,在中国乡村振兴战略实施中,为实现共同富裕的长远目标,需要政府和农民全面实施用能转型、健康农村建设的协调创新。

Household energy consumption in rural areas is deeply related to health,poverty and indoor air pollution.However,there are still insufficient in-depth empirical studies on rural households.Adopting the data from the micro investigation of“Household Energy Consumption and Welfare in Rural China”and the multi-stratified cluster sampling approach,this paper studies the relationship among household energy consumption,health risks of the elderly and“Poverty Trap”based on the status quo of rural China.The paper found that there is a significantly positive correlation between the elderly’s use of Combination of Clean Household Energy and Self-rated Health(hereinafter referred to as SRH),while a significantly negative correlation between their use of Combination of“Clean+Solid”Household Energy and SRH.Different types of Combinations of Household Energy are significantly negative to the elderly’s chronic respiratory diseases.The paper reflected that clean fuels can improve the elderly’s subjective health,while solid fuels harm their subjective health and cause damages to or deteriorate their objective health.The paper revealed that the rural elderly may fall into the vicious cycle of“Poverty Trap”where they select solid fuels due to energy shortage or financial difficulties,get sick,become poor or return to poverty,and continue to use solid fuels.Therefore,in the implementation of China’s Rural Revitalization Strategy,in order to achieve the long-term goal of poverty alleviation,it is urgent for the government and rural households to comprehensively implement the collaborative innovation of energy transformation,healthy rural construction and targeted poverty alleviation.