历史唯物主义正义理论的生成逻辑与内在理路

The Generative Logic and Internal Logic of Historical Materialism Justice Theory

近代以降,正义理论的谱系主要存在社会契约论和功利主义两大范式。在批判与超越的基础上,历史唯物主义正义理论的生成逻辑先后经历了马克思青年时期对正义思想的追寻、对资产阶级正义理论的批判,再到政治经济学批判视域中《资本论》对正义的科学阐述的过程。在其内在理路上,历史唯物主义正义理论的根基在于必须超越政治的、法律的领域而深入到社会的、经济的领域;马克思强调在普遍存在阶级对立和阶级压迫的社会条件下空谈正义只会徒增共产主义运动的障碍,因此必须倡导真实的、科学的正义理论;在此基础上,马克思指出科学的正义理论及其实践是以生产资料公有制和社会主义国家为基础,实现每个人自由而全面的发展。

In modern times,the genealogy of justice theory mainly includes two paradigms:social contract theory and utilitarianism.On the basis of criticism and transcendence,the generative logic of historical materialism justice theory has gone through the process of Marx s pursuit of justice thought in his youth,his criticism of bourgeois justice theory,and then his scientific exposition of justice in Das Kapital from the perspective of political economy criticism.In its internal logic,the foundation of historical materialism justice theory lies in that it must go beyond the political and legal fields to the social and economic fields.Marx stressed that under the social conditions of class antagonism and class oppression,empty talk about justice will only increase the obstacles of the Communist movement,so a real and scientific theory of justice must be advocated.On this basis,Marx pointed out that the scientific theory and practice of justice is based on the public ownership of the means of production and the socialist country to realize the free and all-round development of everyone.