不同水分处理下核桃耗水规律及其与气象因子的关系

Water consumption of Juglans regia L.under different water treatments and its relationship with meteorological factors

为了明确太行山南麓不同水分处理对核桃各生育期耗水的影响,以7 a生核桃为试验对象,研究了土壤含水率占田间持水量的60%(T1)、80%(T2)、100%(T3)及不灌溉(CK)4种水分处理典型天气下核桃的液流速率、各生育期耗水量及其与气象因子的关系。结果表明,晴天天气T1处理下核桃液流速率呈“单峰”曲线,其余处理均表现为双峰曲线;阴雨天气下不同水分处理核桃液流速率均呈“单峰”变化趋势且峰值显著低于晴天;不同水分处理下核桃液流速率表现为T1最大,CK最小。生育期内不同水分处理下核桃耗水量从小到大为CK(877.08 L)<T3(898.65 L)<T2(933.31 L)<T1(1299.53 L),不同水分处理下核桃耗水量均表现为果实膨大期最大,从小到大为CK(336.87 L)<T3(321.58 L)<T2(379.28 L)<T1(430.63 L),成熟期最小,从小到大为CK(89.49 L)<T3(90.90 L)<T2(107.42 L)<T1(140.69 L),T1与其余各处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)。T1处理下核桃液流速率与耗水量均表现为最大,从节水角度来说,T1水平为最适土壤水分状况。不同水分处理下影响核桃耗水的气象因子一致,小时尺度上为气温,日尺度和物候期范围内,主导因素为太阳辐射,随着时间尺度的增大,影响核桃耗水的关键气象因子由气温变为太阳辐射。

To clarify the effects of different moisture treatments on the water consumption of Juglans regia L.at each growth stage in the southern foothills of the Taihang Mountains and to provide scientific guidance on walnut water management,sap flow rate,and water consumption of 7-year Juglans regia L.were measured at each growth stage,and the relationship between water consumption with meteorological factors was analyzed under four moisture treatments.The results showed that the sap flow rate of walnut with T1(60%soil moisture holding capacity)under sunny days showed a singlepeak curve,while the rest of the treatments showed a double-peak curve.The sap flow rate of walnut showed“single-peak”trend in different treatments on rainy days,and the peak value was smaller than that on sunny days.The maximum and minimum of sap flow rate of walnut was found in T1 treatment and the CK,respectively.Water consumption of walnuts under different moisture treatments during the growth period was as follows from the smallest to the largest:CK(877.08 L)<T3(898.65 L)<T2(933.31 L)<T1(1299.53 L).The maximum and minimum of water consumptions of walnuts was found at the fruit expansion stage and maturation period,respectively.The water consumption order under 4 water treatments at the fruit expansion stage and maturation period was CK<T3<T2<T1.Significant difference was found between T1 treatment and other treatments(P<0.05).The maximum of sap flow rate and water consumption of walnut was found during T1 treatment,which indicated that T1 was suitable soil water condition from the perspective of water saving.The meteorological factors affecting the water consumption of walnut were consistent under different water treatments.Air temperature was the key meteorological factor on the hourly time scale,and solar radiation was found to be the prominent meteorological factor on the daily time scale and phenological period.Solar radiation was testified to be the main meteorological factors with the increase of the time scale.