基于SFA模型和超越对数生产函数的汽车租赁企业运营效率分析

Operating Efficiency of Car Rental Enterprises Based on SFAModel and Translog Production Function

为实现企业租车资源的合理配置、提高运营效率、增强核心竞争力,以汽车租赁企业的运营管理为背景,研究企业运营效率的评价方法。借助随机前沿分析(Stochastic Frontier Analysis,SFA)和超越对数生产函数,以国内4家传统汽车租赁企业2012—2019年的运营产出面板数据和5家分时租赁企业2015—2019年的运营产出面板数据为样本,兼顾车队规模水平和车辆利用率两个低效指标的影响,测算出各企业的运营效率,并对模型估计结果进行分析。结果表明:传统汽车租赁企业总体运营效率高于分时租赁企业,呈倒“U”形变化趋势,平均运营效率保持在0.6~0.95;分时租赁运营模式新颖,其总体运营效率呈逐年攀升趋势,平均运营效率保持在0.4左右。此外,企业基础设施的投入和车辆的更新有利于提高汽车租赁的吸引力,投资较多、规模较大的企业运营效率相对较高;企业可控因素中,企业规模水平和车辆利用率分别是分时汽车租赁企业和传统汽车租赁企业运营低效的决定性因素;不可控因素中,城市人口规模对企业运营效率影响显著。

In order to realize the rational allocation of enterprises′car rental resources,improve operational efficiency and enhance core competitiveness,this paper studied the evaluation method of operation efficiency based on the operation management of car rental enterprises.With the help of Stochastic Frontier Analysis and Translog Production Function model,the operating output panel data of 4 traditional car rental enterprises from 2012 to 2019 and 5 time-sharing rental enterprises from 2015 to 2019 were taken as samples.Taking into account the impact of two inefficient indicators of fleet size and vehicle utilization rate,this paper calculated the operating efficiency of each enterprise,and analyzed the estimated results of the model.The results show that the overall efficiency of traditional car rental enterprises is higher than that of time-sharing rental enterprises,showing an inverted"U"shape change trend,and the average operating efficiency remains between 0.6 and 0.95.Time-sharing rental is a novel operating mode,its operating efficiency increases year by year,and the average operating efficiency remains around 0.4.In addition,the investment of enterprise infrastructure and the renewal of vehicles are conducive to improving the attractiveness of car rental.Enterprises with more investment and larger scale have relatively higher operating efficiency.Of the controllable factors,enterprise scale and vehicle utilization rate are the decisive factors of operation inefficiency of time-sharing car rental enterprises and traditional car rental enterprises respectively.Of the uncontrollable factors,the size of urban population has a significant impact on the operation of enterprises.