中国农村养老保障资金供给现状及多元化探析

The Funding Supply of China's Rural Old-age Social Security Systems:Evaluation of the Status Quo and Exploration of a Mixed Funding System

国家通过渐进式改革不断推进农村养老保障体系的建设,政府不断充实养老保险资金,加强对贫困、高龄、失能老年人的社会救助,引入市场和社会力量发展社会化养老服务。中央和地方虽然探索了不少经验,但农村养老保障资金供给依然面临诸多挑战:资金投入主要依赖政府财政,市场主体和社会组织参与不足,农村养老保障水平远低于城市,而且地区之间差异巨大。应该加强农村养老的统筹规划和顶层设计,将更多的公共财政资源投入农村,优化政策,建立多元混合的农村养老保障资金供给体系。

The government has been continuously promoting the construction of rural old-age social security systems through progressive reforms including increasing public funds for rural pension schemes,improving social assistance programs for the oldest-old and disabled rural elderly people in poverty,and developing eldercare services by motivating market sectors and social organizations.The central and local governments have explored many approaches in this respect.Yet there remain numerous challenges in terms of providing enough funding to construct rural old-age social security systems in China,such as over-reliance on governmental funding,insufficient involvement of market sectors and social organizations,significant differences in the benefit levels between urban and rural pension schemes and significant variations among different regions.Thus,in order to further promote the construction of rural old-age social security systems,a systematic overall and top-level policy design should be strengthened,more public funding should be invested in rural areas,and a mixed funding system should be established by motivating market sectors and social organizations with improved policies and regulations.