建成环境与交通需求管理的协同效应研究展望

Analysis of the Research Problem on the Synergistic Effect Between the Built Environment and Transportation Demand Management

作为促进绿色出行的重要举措,已有诸多研究分析建成环境或交通需求管理对出行行为的影响,但大多数忽视了两者之间的协同作用。准确分析建成环境、交通需求管理对出行行为的影响机制,以及其协同效应,能够为促进我国大城市绿色出行、贯彻绿色发展理念提供理论支撑和精准施策依据。本文基于当前研究现状,对建成环境与出行行为、交通需求管理与出行行为的影响,以及建成环境和交通需求管理的协同作用研究进行了总结,并结合我国大城市建成环境和居民出行特征对学术研究热点问题进行展望。

Green travel refers to travel behavior that have little impact on the environment,including preferential choice of green transportation modes such as public transportation,bicycles,and walking.Advocating green travel is a realistic choice to alleviate traffic congestion in big cities and reduce the air pollution.It is also a strategic need to respond to the energy crisis and global climate change.Measures to promote green travel can be considered from two aspects:built environment planning and transportation demand management.The built environment plan aims to promote the transformation of residents’transportation options to green travel by creating a built environment for residential areas and main activity locations.Compared with built environment planning,transportation demand management can increase the proportion of green travel such as public transportation and slow traffic without changing the land layout.As two important measures to promote green travel,there have been many studies analyzing the impact of the built environment or transportation demand management on travel behavior,but most of them ignore the synergy between them.A better understanding of the impacts of the built environment and transportation demand management on travel behavior and their synergistic effects can provide theoretical support and nuanced policy implications for promoting green travel in large cities,and have academic significance for improving the basic scientific level of urban traffic planning and management.This paper summarizes previous studies on the impacts of the built environment and transportation demand management on travel behavior and the synergy between the built environment and transportation demand management.In light of the connections between built environment attributes and travel behavior in Chinese large cities,this study also offers some recommendations for future studies.The built environment and transportation demand management are two key factors that affect residents’travel behavior.However,related researches on the built environment,transportation demand management,and travel behavior are far from meeting the requirements of fully and accurately describing and explaining the internal relationships of the three,and cannot support the scientific and accurate implementation of various travel policies.Accurate analysis of the impact of the built environment and transportation demand management on travel behavior,as well as the threshold effect and synergy between the two on travel behavior,can provide theoretical support and accurate policy basis for promoting green travel in big cities.This paper summarizes previous studies on the impacts of the built environment and transportation demand management on travel behavior and the synergy between the built environment and transportation demand management.In the literature review of the research on the relationship between the built environment and travel behavior,this paper mainly explains the reasons for the current research controversy from four aspects:sample segmentation problems,modifiable area unit problem,nonlinear and threshold effect of the built environment,and modeling methods for built environment and green travel behavior.At present,there are many related studies analyzing the impact of transportation demand management policies on travel behavior and its effectiveness evaluation.This paper mainly reviews the previous literature from three aspects:travel cost,travel restriction,and effectiveness evaluation of transportation demand management policies.In addition,considering the development level of the city,the built environment,and the travel purposes of different residents,the general city will implement multiple transportation demand management policies at the same time,and there are also relevant studies that suggest multiple measures to be implemented at the same time.This paper summarizes the literatures that studied the simultaneous implementation of multiple transportation demand management policies.We also focus on the analysis of the synergy between the built environment and transportation demand management.A conceptual model diagram of the causal relationship between the built environment,travel attitude and green travel is drawn to visually explain the mutual effects.Although scholars have pointed out that the relationship between the built environment and transportation demand management is not a substitute,but there is a synergistic effect,there are few studies that consider the synergy between the built environment and transportation demand management at the same time.Analyzing the differential impact of built environment characteristics under different transportation scenarios can provide scientific guidance for coordinating built environment planning and transportation demand management measures.The relationship between the built environment and transportation demand management involves many factors and complex mechanisms.Although there are related researches,the current research results still cannot meet the requirements of accurately and fully describing and explaining the synergistic effects and evolution laws between the two.Based on the current research status,combined with the built environment of big cities and the characteristics of residents’travel,the following aspects need to be carried out urgently:1)model analysis of the spatial scale and threshold effect of the built environment affecting green travel;2)identification of psychological influencing variables and integration of theoretical frameworks into green travel behaviors of residents in large cities;3)built environment,travel attitude,and causal sequence and evolution process identification of green travel.