老年人健康生活视角下菜市场使用频率的建成环境影响分析

Exploring the Impact of Built Environment on Usage Frequency of Food Market from the Perspective of Elderly Healthy Life

老年人使用菜市场频率的高低在很大程度上体现了其日常体力活动水平和健康生活质量,与菜市场自身及周边的建成环境特征息息相关。从可达性和吸引力两个层面入手,将其分解为空间接近度和出行适宜度以及自身规划要素和外界环境特征两个维度,构建整合性分析框架。结合大连市的实证研究,可达性方面,相较于出行适宜度,空间接近度对老年人菜市场使用频率的影响效度更大;吸引力方面,自身规划要素和外界环境特征的影响效应呈相互补充关系;相较于可达性,吸引力是影响老年人菜市场使用频率的主导因素,其中集市类型和设施网点多样性最为关键。据此提出满足老年人健康生活需求的菜市场精细化改造建议。

Physical activity level is closely related to the healthy life of residents,especially for the elderly,appropriate physical activity has a positive effect on their physical and mental health.Buying foods is one of the important activities in the daily travel of the elderly in the city,which has a significant impact on their quality of lives.The frequency of food market used by the elderly reflects their daily physical activities level to a large extent,and is closely related to the characteristics of food market itself and surrounding built environment.In the fruitful research on the relationship between the built environment and physical activity,there is still a lack of systematic decomposition of the built environment and in-depth discussion on the healthy life of the elderly.In order to analyze the key influencing factors of the built environment of the frequency of food market used by the elderly,and to explore the needs of the built environment from the perspective of healthy life of the elderly,this paper from two levels of accessibility and attractiveness,decomposes built environment into two dimensions:spatial proximity and travel suitability,self-planning elements and external environment characteristics,and constructs an integrated analysis framework.The convenience of spatial conditions and environmental quality of the food market determine the results of its use.Through these two levels,we can clearly and structurally reflect the impact of the food market on users.In terms of data collection,through the questionnaire and structured interview survey of the elderly in the central area of Dalian,the elderly were randomly asked about the place,time,frequency and personal attributes of shopping activities,so as to obtain the daily travel data of the elderly.In the analysis method,ArcGIS software is used to analyze the spatial characteristics of variables,the nuclear density analysis method is used to analyze the spatial layout characteristics of the facilities network,and the buffer zone analysis method is used to determine the research scope around the food market.With the help of SPSS software,the specific index elements of the accessibility and attractiveness of the built environment of the food market and the use frequency of the elderly were analyzed respectively,and the significant influencing factors were screened.It is found that in terms of accessibility,spatial distribution density promotes the elderly to buy foods,the increase of minimum space distance,actual travel distance and the number of intersections has a negative impact on the frequency of using foods market,while the correlation between the satisfaction of walking facilities and the usage frequency has not passed the significant test.Compared with the travel suitability,the spatial proximity has a negative impact on the elderly food market usage frequency has a greater effect on validity.In terms of attractiveness,the types and nature of land use have significant differences in the average use frequency of the elderly’s food market.Compared with the street functional richness and land use mix,the diversity of facilities and outlets significantly promotes the elderly’s food buying activities.The impact of self-planning elements and external environmental characteristics complement each other.Comprehensive analysis shows that compared with accessibility,attractiveness is the dominant factor affecting the usage frequency,in which the market type and the diversity of facilities and outlets play a key role.It can be seen that buying foods is not a simple transactional activity for the elderly.It is an important direction of refined transformation of urban food market under the demand of healthy life of the elderly to promote the formation of"accessible and available"characteristics of facilities and places,and to support the elderly to form an active physical activity mode.In the aspect of space layout,we should not only ensure that there are enough choices for the elderly to buy foods,but also consider increasing the actual travel distance to improve the physical activity level.In the aspect of place characteristics and quality,it should keep the diversity of food market types,improve the quality of"informal"market space,and it’s suggested that the food market should be compared with other elderly places facilities(squares,parks,etc.)and it’s required to be interwoven to form a systematic travel activity chain.