绿色基础设施为先导的城市空间建构模式研究

Research on the Construction Model of Urban Space Led by Green Infrastructure

资本扩张驱动伪城市化进程使得自然资源约束趋紧,推进城市生态文明建设势在必行。文章论述了现代城市空间模型的生态转向,提出以绿色基础设施作为城市空间系统的生态支撑,总结其结构和尺度的空间特性,强调绿色基础设施在城市空间建构中的先导作用,探讨一种生态优先的系统化方法,即"绿色基础设施规划作为脊柱架构—灰色基础设施规划作为骨架搭建—地块、建筑等作为组织填充"。结合重庆钓鱼嘴片区项目实践,剖析该模式的建构过程,论证重点地段城市设计中绿色先行、灰色协同的空间结构生成逻辑。

The urbanization proless driven by capital expansion leads to the tightening of natunal resounrces constraints.Natural resources are not only the material basis for human survival and development,but also the ecological background supporting the process of urbanization.Therefore,the construction of ecological civilization focusing on human needs has become the only way for urban development in China.The theoretical and practical research of green infrastructure is an important topic of current academic concern.This paper discusses the construction mode of urban space guided by Green Infrastructure.It emphasizes the adaptive ecological protection and utilization in principle,integrates the thinking of ecological priority into the whole process of urban planning and design,and takes green infrastructure as the ecological support of urban space system for systematic organic construction,so as to leave enough flexibility and enhance toughness for the future development of urban space.In order to realize the normal operation of"social ecosystem"and promote the urban spatial growth to adapt to the ecological service function,the construction of the spatial model supported by Green Infrastructure not only considers the economic benefits and spatial efficiency,but also considers the comprehensive benefits of sustainable development of economy,society and ecological environment.The spatial expression emphasizes the combination of"blue-green"system and road system.Green Infrastructure is composed of natural areas and open space network.As a connecting medium,Green Infrastructure can be used as the ecological support for the synchronous development of the"two systems".It is based on the spatial characteristics of the interrelationship between Green Infrastructure planning and urban design,mainly reflected in the structural connectivity and multi-scale adaptability.Multi scale adaptation is the foundation of green infrastructure structural connectivity,and structural connectivity is the fundamental purpose of multi-scale adaptation.Green Infrastructure is derived from the natural element system,and as an ecological support,it can fit the development order of urban space system.The systematic construction method emphasizes the organic construction of urban space system by deriving the basic structure and connecting the system as the order unit.The construction process is divided into three steps,it discusses a systematic method of ecological priority,that is"Green Infrastructure planning as spine-Grey Infrastructure planning as skeleton-The Land,Buildings,etc.as Tissue".The advantages of green infrastructure as the guide lie in the development concept of ecological and environmental protection first,emphasizing the green spatial structure of structural connectivity,more compact and intensive project layout and efficient land use methods,so as to lay the foundation for encouraging green travel,low-carbon life and building high-quality human settlements.Infrastructure construction is the first condition of urban land development,bearing the heavy responsibility of population aggregation and industrial development.If ecological priority is not considered at the beginning of planning,the implementation of sponge city and other concepts will be difficult to sustain.However,the traditional Gray Infrastructure planning and green space system planning are two parallel work processes,which respectively undertake different urban function roles,and the functional complexity between them is not strong.Therefore,it is necessary to emphasize the leading role of Green Infrastructure,Gray Infrastructure to do more system cooperation,and build the urban space system of natural and artificial synchronous symbiosis.Based on the project practice of Diaoyuzui district in Chongqing,this paper analyzes the construction process of the mode,and demonstrates that the green first and gray collaborative spatial structure generation logic should be formed in the urban design of important sections.Diaoyuzui district of Chongqing is located in the southeast of Dadukou District,adjacent to Zhongliang Mountain in the north,and adjacent to the Yangtze River on three sides,with a total area of 7.92 square kilometers and a total length of 10.26 kilometers of waterfront.It is the first peninsula area where the Yangtze River enters the main urban area of Chongqing.As an important part of urban design,Diaoyuzui area has a relatively complete natural area,which provides a good ecological background for the development of urban green space network.The urban design of Diaoyuzui district is essentially the arrangement of the spatial resource allocation sequence and spatial structure generation logic.From the perspective of green space development,it accumulates practical experience for the development and construction of new urban areas and key areas.This project discusses the specific application of green infrastructure planning in mesoscale urban design,and explores an efficient and flexible spatial development model.First of all,the morphological constraints of green space elements are analyzed,and then the physical spatial structure of the city is generated within the delimited space boundary,and the"gray and green"construct to establish the spatial order of urban green integration.In a word,the implementation of the ecological support function of Green Infrastructure in urban design method is to realize the urban form with controllable system,organic whole and more toughness.