不同形式饲粮对生长期白山羊生长性能、肉质性能和血液生理生化指标的影响

Effects of Different Diet Forms on Growth Performance, MeatPerformance and Blood Physiological and BiochemicalIndexes of White Goats

为促进全价颗粒饲粮在山羊饲养中的推广应用,本研究以生长期长三角洲白山羊为研究对象,分别以全混合日粮(TMR,TMR组)、全价颗粒饲粮(颗粒组)和全价颗粒饲粮部分限制采食(限制采食组)进行饲喂,研究全价颗粒饲粮对其生长速度、肉质性能和血液生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:1)颗粒组的增重效果显著高于TMR组(P<0.05),部分限制采食亦能取得良好的增重效果。2)与TMR组相比,颗粒组白山羊屠宰率提高了1.48%,但差异不显著(P>0.05);各组间pH、剪切力、滴水损失、蒸煮损失和肉色均没有显著变化(P>0.05)。3)各组间白山羊血清中生长激素(GH)、生长抑素(SS)、生长激素释放多肽(GHRP)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T 3)、甲状腺素(T 4)和胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);限制采食组血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性在第4周时出现一个异常波动,显著高于TMR组和颗粒组(P<0.05),到第8周时限制采食组血清ALP活性显著下降(P<0.05),但仍显著高于颗粒组(P<0.05);颗粒组的血清甘油三酯(TG)含量在第8周时显著高于TMR组和限制采食组(P<0.05),血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量则显著低于TMR组(P<0.05),其余血清生化指标在各组之间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。在血常规指标方面,除个别指标在饲喂第2周出现一定波动外,其余时间点3组呈一致变化趋势;饲喂结束后,各组之间血清丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧簇(ROS)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均没有显著差异(P>0.05)。4)组织切片观察表明,颗粒饲喂可部分增加十二指肠的肠绒毛长度,对肝脏、睾丸和附睾等组织未产生影响。综上所述,全价颗粒饲粮饲喂对生长期白山羊增重效果明显,且整个试验过程未对其健康指标产生明显影响,可用于育肥过程中的标准化饲喂。

In order to promote the promotion and application of the full grain diet in goat feeding,using fattening Yangtze River Delta white goats during the growing period were used as the research object,and fed a total mixed diet(TMR,TMR group),full grain diet(pellet group)and the full grain diet partially restricted feed(limited pellet group),respectively,studying the effects of full-price pellet diet on growth rate,meat performance and blood physiological and biochemical indexes.The results showed as follows:1)the weight effect of pellet group was significantly higher than that of TMR group(P<0.05),and limited pellet group also achieved good weight gain effect.2)Compared with TMR group,slaughter rate in pellet group was increased by 1.48%(P>0.05);there were no significant changes in pH,shear force,drip loss,cooking loss and meat color among all groups(P>0.05).3)There were no significant differences in the contents of growth hormone(GH),somatostatin(SS),growth hormone releasing polypeptide(GHRP),triiodothyronine(T 3),thyroxine(T 4)and insulin-like growth factor(IGF)in serum among all groups(P>0.05).Serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity in limited pellet group showed an abnormal fluctuation at the 4th week,which was significantly higher than that in TMR group and pellet group(P<0.05).At the 8th week,serum ALP activity in limited pellet group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),but was still significantly higher than that in pellet group(P<0.05).At the 8th week,the serum triglyceride(TG)content of pellet group was significantly higher than that in TMR group and limited pellet group(P<0.05),while the serum low-density lipoprotein(LDL)content was significantly lower than that in TMR group(P<0.05),and there were no significant differences in other serum biochemical indexes among all groups(P>0.05).In terms of blood routine indexes,the three groups showed a consistent trend at other time points,except for some indexes which fluctuated at the 2nd week of feeding.After feeding,the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),reactive oxygen species(ROS)and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in serum were not significantly different among all groups(P>0.05).4)In histological observation,the length of intestinal villi in duodenum was partly increased,and no significant changes of liver,testis and epididymis were found.In conclusion,complete pellet feed can obviously increase the weight gain effect,and the whole experiment process has no obvious effect on its health index,which can be used for the standardized feeding in fattening lambs.[,2021,33(8):4748-4759]