外泌体miRNAs在乳腺癌肿瘤微环境中的研究进展

Research progress of exosomal miRNAs in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer

乳腺癌是全球女性最常发生的恶性肿瘤,患者死亡的主要原因是复发、转移和耐药性的出现。研究已经证明,外泌体介导癌细胞与肿瘤微环境之间的信息交流,外泌体携带的miRNAs通过差异表达于乳腺癌细胞,在微环境中影响癌基因表达的调控,介导乳腺癌细胞的信号通路,调节癌细胞周期进程以及重塑肿瘤相关成纤维细胞等,从而促进乳腺癌的发生、发展和转移;另外外泌体介导中和、药物外排和免疫系统抑制三种主要机制导致耐药性。未来,各种类型乳腺癌中差异表达的miRNAs有望成为临床诊断和预后的相关生物标志物,及抗肿瘤治疗的新靶点。

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women around the world.The main causes of death are recurrence,metastasis and drug resistance.Studies have shown that exosomes mediate the exchange of information between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment,miRNAs carried by the exosomes are differentially expressed in breast cancer cells,affect the regulation of oncogene expression in the microenvironment,mediate the signaling pathway of breast cancer cells,regulate the cycle of cancer cells and reshape cancer-associated fibroblasts,thereby promoting the occurrence,invasion and metastasis of breast cancer.In addition,exosomes mediated neutralization,drug efflux and immune system inhibition these three main mechanisms leading to drug resistance.In the future,the miRNAs of differential expression in various types of breast cancer is expected to be a relevant biomarker for clinical diagnosis and prognosis,and a new target for anti-tumor therapy.