西部地区大学生人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的接种现状及其对人乳头瘤病毒和疫苗的认知、态度及影响因素

Status of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Knowledge,Attitudes,and Influencing Factors towards Human Papillomavirus and ItsVaccines among University Students in Western China

目的对西部地区高校不同专业(文科、理工科、医学类)大学生对人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)及其疫苗的认知、HPV疫苗接种现状及接种意愿进行调查研究,为制定有针对性的高校HPV健康教育及HPV疫苗在大学生中的推广提供理论依据。方法采用便利抽样、分层抽样和整群抽样相结合的方法,对西部地区成都市某高校的大一学生开展线上问卷调查。采用χ^(2)检验比较组间差异,采用非条件Logistic回归分析大学生接种意愿的影响因素。结果本研究共纳入881名研究对象,其中男生419名、女生462名,女生疫苗接种率为3.5%(16/462)。分别有59.1%、67.5%、56.3%的学生表示听说过HPV、HPV相关疾病和HPV疫苗。仅有10.4%、10.6%、27.8%的学生知晓“感染HPV通常不会引起症状”、“HPV感染通常是一过性的,多数可自愈”、“HPV感染非常普遍”。女生、医学生的认知合格率优于男生、非医学生(P=0.035,P=0.021)。有65.7%的学生表示愿意接种HPV疫苗,HPV疫苗接种费用昂贵(50.8%)、担心疫苗的副作用(46.3%)、没有性生活(43.4%)是学生不愿接种的主要原因。性别、父母受教育水平、二类疫苗接种史、对婚前性行为的态度、性行为史及HPV认知水平是影响接种意愿的因素。结论本研究大一女生预防性HPV疫苗接种率低,对HPV及其疫苗认知不足,亟需以大学生喜闻乐见的方式开展相关健康教育,尤其需要注重对HPV病毒感染,HPV疫苗的安全性、有效性、副作用等知识的宣教。同时应重视男生、非医学生的健康教育。

Objective To investigate the knowledge about human papillomavirus(HPV)and its vaccines,HPV vaccination status,and vaccination willingness among the freshmen majoring in liberal arts,sciences,and medicine in western China,so as to provide evidence-based suggestions for health education among university students and to increase their vaccination.Methods By convenience sampling,stratified sampling,and cluster sampling,an online questionnaire survey was conducted among freshmen in a comprehensive university in Chengdu.The differences among the groups were compared byχ^(2)test,and non-conditional logistic regression was performed to analyze the influencing factors of willingness to vaccination.Results A total of 881 participants were included in this study,including 419 males and 462 females.The vaccination rate of females was 3.5%(16/462).Of all the university students,59.1%,67.5%,and 56.3%had heard of HPV,HPV-related diseases,and HPV vaccines,respectively,and only 10.4%,10.6%,and 27.8%knew“HPV infection usually does not cause symptoms”,“HPV infection is usually transient and mostly spontaneous regressive”,and“HPV infection is very common”.Females and medical students had more related knowledge than males and non-medical students(P=0.035,P=0.021).Of all the university students,65.7%were willing to be vaccinated against HPV.The high cost of vaccination(50.8%),worry about the side effects adverse reaction(46.3%),and lack of sexual life(43.4%)were the main reasons for the reluctance to be vaccinated.Gender,education background of parents,history of self-financed vaccination,attitude towards premarital sexual behavior,history of sexual behavior,and knowledge of HPV were the influencing factors of vaccination willingness.Conclusions The freshmen had a low rate of HPV vaccination and limited detailed knowledge about HPV and its vaccines.Health education campaign is urgently called for among university students regarding HPV infection as well as the safety,effectiveness,and side effects of HPV vaccines.More attention should be paid to the health education of male and non-medical students.