基于不同功能房间的宁夏乡村民居冬季室内热舒适研究

Research on indoor thermal comfort of Ningxia rural houses in winter based on different functional rooms

为提高乡村建筑室内热舒适和降低能源消耗,以我国宁夏中卫乡村民居为例,应用测试和问卷的研究方法,评估了当地民居冬季室内外热环境、室内采暖用能情况,分析了居民对不同功能房间的热舒适需求特性,探究了差异化的冬季室内舒适温度。结果表明,当地乡村民居室内热环境差、采暖能耗高,居民对室内热舒适的满意度低,但该地区具有发展太阳能建筑的地域优势。居民在主要功能房间的服装热阻和新陈代谢率分别为1.6 clo和85 W/m^(2),而在次要功能房间分别为1.8 clo和95 W/m^(2)。与次要功能房间相比,居民对于主要功能房间室内温度的热接受率较低,但敏感度、热中性温度和热期望较高。当不同功能房间的室内温度相等时,居民对于主要功能房间的热感觉投票值略低于次要功能房间。最后,建议当地乡村民居主要功能房间的冬季室内舒适温度为13℃~16℃,次要功能房间为11℃~13℃。

The purpose of this study is to improve the indoor thermal comfort and reduce the energy consumption of rural buildings,with the rural dwellings in Zhongwei,Ningxia taken as an example.Tests and questionnaires are used to assess the indoor and outdoor thermal environment and indoor heating energy consumption of local residential houses in winter.Besides,the characteristics of residents’demand for thermal comfort of different functional rooms are analyzed,with the differentiated indoor comfort temperature in winter explored.The results show that the indoor heating energy consumption is high,and that the indoor thermal environment is not ideal.Also,the residents’satisfaction with indoor thermal comfort is low.However,this area has a regional advantage in developing passive solar buildings.The average values of clothing thermal resistance and metabolic rate of residents in the main function rooms are 1.6 clo and 85 W/m^(2),respectively,while those in the secondary function rooms are 1.8 clo and 95 W/m^(2),respectively.Compared with the secondary function rooms,the thermal acceptance rate of residents for the main function room is lower,but the sensitivity,thermal neutral temperature and thermal expectation are higher.When the indoor temperature of the main and secondary function rooms is equal,the thermal sensation voting value of the main function rooms is slightly lower than that of the secondary function rooms.Finally,this study suggests that the indoor comfort temperature of the main function room of the local rural dwelling in winter be 13℃~16℃,and that of the secondary f unction room be 11℃~13℃.