心力衰竭高危人群对心力衰竭的认知情况及知识讲座提高认知水平的作用

Heart failure awareness in patients at high risk for developing heart failure and the effect of lecture on the improvement of awareness

目的了解心力衰竭高危人群对心力衰竭的认知情况以及心力衰竭知识讲座提高认知水平的作用。方法2019年6月至12月北京大学第三医院心力衰竭防治小组针对心力衰竭高危人群举办心力衰竭知识讲座6次,参加人员为心力衰竭A期和B期患者,共420例。在知识讲座前和讲座后,分别进行心力衰竭认知的问卷调查。心力衰竭的认知包括心力衰竭的病因、严重程度、临床表现、就诊和自我管理等5个方面的内容。结果回收问卷363份,最终合格的问卷为345份,有效回收率为82.14%。心力衰竭高危患者对心力衰竭的认知存在很大不足,能够将问卷列出的8种导致心力衰竭的疾病均选择正确者为54例(15.7%);能够将问卷列出的5个心力衰竭临床表现均选择正确者为66例(19.1%);仅有205例(59.4%)患者表示出现了心力衰竭的症状,会尽早就诊;自我管理方面,只有128例(37.1%)患者认为应该限制饮水量,98例(28.4%)患者认为应该避免感染。在知识讲座后,课后得分高于课前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对心力衰竭高危患者进行心力衰竭知识的健康教育非常有必要。

Objective To understand the awareness of heart failure among high-risk groups of heart failure and the effect of heart failure knowledge lectures in improving awareness.Methods From June to December 2019,the Heart Failure Prevention and Treatment Team of Peking University Third Hospital held six heart failure knowledge lectures for people at high risk of heart failure.Participants were patients with heart failure A and B,a total of 420 cases.Before the knowledge lecture and after the lecture,a questionnaire survey on the awareness of heart failure was carried out.The awareness of heart failure includes five aspects:the cause,severity,clinical manifestations,medical treatment and self-management of heart failure.Results A total of 363 questionnaires were returned,and 345 questionnaires were finally qualified,with an effective recovery rate of 82.14%.High-risk patients with heart failure had a great lack of knowledge about heart failure.54 patients(15.7%)who could select the eight diseases listed in the questionnaire that cause heart failure were correct;and 66 patients(19.1%)had the correct clinical manifestations which couldy list the five heart failures listed in the questionnaire;only 205 patients(59.4%)indicated that they had symptoms of heart failure and would seek medical attention as soon as possible;in terms of self-management,only 128 patients(37.1%)thought it should be restricted In terms of drinking water,98 patients(28.4%)believed that infection should be avoided.After the knowledge lecture,the score after class was higher than before class,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion It is very necessary to carry out health education of heart failure knowledge for patients at high risk of heart failure.