内生真菌醉马草作为机场驱鸟草的潜力分析

Potential Analysis of Achnatherum inebrians EpichloёEndophyte Infestation as an Airfield Grass to Repel Birds

鸟击事件是长期以来威胁飞行安全的一个国际性难题,目前,国际民航组织(International civil aviation organisation,ICAO)已经将鸟击灾害列为“A类航空灾难”,鸟击防范领域的研究也逐渐受到人们的重视。香柱菌(Epichloё)侵染宿主禾草后形成的共生体可产生有毒生物碱,将共生体发展为高毒驱鸟草种并应用于机场,可以减少鸟击事件的发生。醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians)自身携带甘肃香柱菌(Epichloёgansuensis)和醉马草香柱菌(Epichloёinebrians),野外自然生长的醉马草均为醉马草内生真菌共生体。本文主要通过对比当前国内机场主要驱鸟方式,提出用含有Epichloё属内生真菌的机场驱鸟草替代现有机场草坪草,可作为一种新型驱鸟方式;回顾了当前国外驱鸟草的应用及优势;分析了内生真菌醉马草作为驱鸟草的潜力和存在问题;并对禾草内生真菌的应用及人工栽培醉马草进行展望。

Bird strike is an international problem threatening flight safety for a long time.At present,the International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)has listed bird strike disaster as“A-type aviation disaster”,and the research on bird strike prevention has gradually attracted attentions.The symbionts formed by Epichloёendophyte and their hosts can produce toxic alkaloids,which can develop into airport bird repellent grass,thus reduce the occurrence of airport bird strike.Drunken horse grass(Achnatherum inebrians)carries Epichloёgansuensis and Epichloёinebrians,and the natural Drunken horse grass are always associated.In this study,by comparing the main bird repellent methods in domestic airports,it is proposed that the airfield bird repellent grass containing Epichloёendophyte can replace the existing airfield grass as a new bird repellent method.This article reviewed the application and advantages of bird repellent grass abroad,analyzed the potential and existing problems of Achnatherum inebrians Epichloёendophyte infestation as bird repellent grass,and prospected the application and existing problems of endophytic fungi of grass,and the existing problems of artificial cultivation of drunken horse grass.