不同施肥处理对高寒矿区渣山改良土酶活性和理化性质的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil Enzyme Activities in Coal Mining Residuals of Alpine Mining Area

本试验以青海木里江仓矿区渣山表层基质作为研究对象,采用有机肥、硫酸亚铁配施的双因素试验设计方法,探讨了渣土中碱性磷酸酶、脱氢酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、纤维素酶、过氧化氢酶活性的变化特征,旨在为高寒矿区渣山土壤和植被恢复提供理论参考。结果表明:施用有机肥2 kg·m^(-2)能显著提高土壤酶活性,尤其是蛋白酶、脲酶、纤维素酶活性;施用有机肥3 kg·m^(-2)和硫酸亚铁100 g·m^(-2)能显著增加改良土中的碱解氮、速效磷、有机质含量(P<0.05);由RDA分析结果可知,渣山改良土壤中全氮、有机质含量、pH、容重是影响渣山表层土壤酶活性的环境因子,有机质含量和土壤容重呈正相关关系,pH和土壤含水量呈正相关关系。以上结果表明,在高寒矿区渣山土壤改良中,施用2 kg·m^(-2)左右的有机肥即可使煤矿区渣山改良土养分含量和酶活性增加。

In the experiment,the surface matrix of the slag hill in Jiangcang mining area of Muli Coalfield in Qinghai Province was taken as the research object,and the two factor experiment design method of combined application of organic fertilizer and ferrous sulfate was adopted to explore the change characteristics of alkaline phosphatase activity,dehydrogenase activity,protease activity,urease activity,cellulase activity and catalase activity in the slag modified soil to provide a theoretical reference for the vegetation restoration of the slag hill in the alpine mining area.The results showed that application of 2 kg·m^(-2) organic fertilizer could significantly improve soil enzyme activity,especially protease activity,urease activity and cellulase activity.Application of organic fertilizer 3 kg·m^(-2) and ferrous sulfate 100 g·m^(-2)could significantly increase the content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and organic matter in soil(P<0.05).The results of RDA analysis showed that total nitrogen,organic matter content,pH and soil bulk density were the most important environmental factors affecting the enzyme activity of slag hill surface.Organic matter content was positively correlated with soil bulk density,and pH was positively correlated with soil water content.The above results showed that the application of 2 kg·m^(-2) organic fertilizer could effectively improve the soil nutrients and enzyme activities in the high cold mining area.