保护播种对高寒区刈割型混播草地产草量及品质的影响

Effects of Conservation Seeding on the Yield and Quality of Perennial Mowing Mixed Grassland in Alpine Area

为探讨保护播种对高寒区刈割型混播草地[垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans,EN)+中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis,FS)]产草量及品质的影响,以无保护草种播种为对照,研究了4比例多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum,LM)和燕麦(Avena sativa,AS)保护播种对牧草产量和品质指标的影响。结果表明,多花黑麦草单播量的20%,30%,40%和50%处理其2年总干草产量分别为9389 kg·hm^(-2),17284 kg·hm^(-2),12263 kg·hm^(-2)和14292 kg·hm^(-2),比对照分别提高了2%,88%,33%和55%,其中EN+FS+30%LM处理牧草粗蛋白产量比对照提高了75%。燕麦播种比例同多花黑麦草相似,单播量的20%,30%,40%和50%比例下2年总干草产量分别为25975 kg·hm^(-2),25249 kg·hm^(-2),27077 kg·hm^(-2)和27306 kg·hm^(-2),比对照提高了182%,174%,194%和196%;牧草粗蛋白产量比对照分别提高124%,143%,143%和204%。但播种燕麦对多年生牧草生长的抑制作用大于多花黑麦草。综上,EN+FS+30%LM保护播种有效提高高寒区刈割型混播草地牧草产量和营养,是建植人工草地理想的保护播种草种及比例。

In order to explore the effect of protective sowing on yield and quality of mowed mixed grass in alpine region,four proportions of Loliummultiflorum(LM)and Avena sativa(AS)were studied with unprotected grass species Elymus nutans,(EN)+Festuca sinensis,(FS)as control.The results showed that,the total hay yield of treatment of L.multiflorum with 4 sowing ratios in two years was 9389 kg·hm^(-2),17284 kg·hm^(-2),12263 kg·hm^(-2) and 14292 kg·hm^(-2) respectively,which increased by 2%,88%,33%and 55%compared with the control.And the crude protein yield of forage grass with EN+FS+30%LM increased by 75%compared with the control.The sowing rate of A.sativa was similar to that of L.multiflorum,under different sowing proportions,the total hay yield was 25975 kg·hm^(-2),25249 kg·hm^(-2),27077 kg·hm^(-2)and 27306 kg·hm^(-2) respectively,which increased by 182%,174%,194%and 196%compared with the control.And the crude protein yield of forage grass increased by 124%,143%,143%and 204%compared with the control.The inhibitory effect of sowing oats on the growth of perennial grass was greater than that of L.multiflorum.To sum up,EN+FS+30%LM can effectively improve forage yield and nutrition of mowed mixed sowing grassland in alpine region,as well that can be an ideal protection sowing grass species for building artificial grassland.