2016-2019年平顶山市土源性线虫感染监测结果分析

Analysis on the surveillance results of soil-transmitted nematode infection in population in Pingdingshan City from 2016 to 2019

目的了解平顶山市人群土源性线虫感染情况,为土源性线虫病防治提供科学依据。方法按照《河南省土源性线虫病监测方案》要求,于2016-2019年分别对平顶山市叶县、鲁山县、新华区和卫东区4个省级流动监测点开展调查。各监测点按地理方位划分为东、西、南、北、中5个片区,每个片区抽取1个乡镇(街道)的1个行政村(社区),每个行政村整群抽取3周岁以上常住居民200人,每个监测点不少于1000人。收集调查对象粪样,采用改良加藤厚涂片法(一粪两检)开展土源性线虫检测;3~9周岁儿童采用透明胶纸肛拭法加测蛲虫虫卵。结果2016-2019年,共调查4167人,总感染率为0.55%。感染虫种为蛔虫、钩虫、蛲虫3种,感染率分别为0.19%、0.10%和0.26%,均为轻度感染。3~9周岁儿童蛲虫肛拭感染率为2.22%。各年龄组均有土源性线虫感染,总感染率最高为50~59岁年龄组(1.34%);各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.952,P<0.05);不同文化程度人群中以文盲感染率最高(1.67%),各组感染率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.557,P<0.05);职业分布上,总感染率居前三的分别为学生(0.83%)、农民(0.71%)和工人(0.58%),不同职业人群感染率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.752,P<0.05)。结论平顶山市人群土源性线虫感染率呈下降趋势,但综合性防治工作不能放松,应当加强儿童蛲虫病防控工作。

Objective To understand the prevalence status of soil-transmitted nematode infection in population in Pingdingshan City for scientific evidence in prevention and control of this disease.Methods By the regulations specified in Surveillance Scheme of Soil-transmitted Nematode Disease in Henan Province,we conducted investigations in the four provincial mobile monitoring sites from 2016 to 2019,including Yexian County,Lushan County,Xinhua and Weidong Districts under the administration of Pingdingshan City.Each surveillance site was geographically zoned into five areas(the east,west,south,north and center).Then one administrative village was selected from each town,where no less than 200 permanent residents aged over 3 years were annually included by cluster sampling,and totally no less than 1000 people were included from each surveillance site.Fecal samples were collected from all subjects,and examined for infection of soil-transmitted nematodes using modified Kato-Katz thick smear technique(one sample for two smears).Children aged between 3 and 9 years old were given additional detection of the eggs of pinworm sampled by anal cellophane swab.Results A total of 4167 residents underwent examination from 2016 to 2019.The total infection rate was 0.55%.The species infected in population consisted roundworm,hookworm and pinworm.The infection rate was 0.19%,0.10%and 0.26%,respectively for each species,and the infection was generally mild(χ^(2)=16.952,P<0.05).The infection rate of soil-derived nematodes was the highest in the people aged from 50 to 59(1.34%).As far as the educational level was concerned,the highest infection rate was 1.67%for illiterates(χ^(2)=14.557,P<0.05)。Among occupational population,the infection rate ranked from students(0.83%),farmers(0.71%)to employee of factory(0.58%)(χ^(2)=10.752,P<0.05).Conclusion The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes tends to decrease in population in Pingdingshan City,nevertheless,comprehensive prevention and control efforts should be maintained,particularly in children in prevention and control of pinworm infection.