城市低收入群体的困难程度、社会救助供需现状及其意愿——基于841个样本的调查分析

Research on urban low-income groups’difficulty degree,supply and demand for social assistance and its willingness:Empirical evidence from the investigation on 841 samples

后扶贫时代,城市低收入群体是发展型社会救助的主要瞄准群体。采用问卷方法,选择重庆市N区841个样本对该群体的困难程度、社会救助供需现状及其意愿进行分析。结果显示:(1)该群体中“长期性困难”家庭占比高于“偶尔困难”和“阶段性困难”家庭,收入越低困难程度越大;“收不抵支”现象突出,超过50%的家庭维持基本生活有困难;“支出型困难”主要来源于医疗费用。(2)在社会救助需求上,虽然样本的物质需求占比较高,但精神需求不可缺少。(3)现有社会救助制度尚不完善、供需匹配不足,导致该群体向政府寻求社会救助的意愿较强。建议:精准把握城市低收入群体的社会救助需求;健全新时期的城市低收入群体就业保障机制;建立健全城市低收入群体医疗救助保障机制。

In post-poverty alleviation era,the urban low-income groups are the main target groups for developmental social assistance.In this paper,a questionnaire method is used to select 841 samples from N District of Chongqing to investigate and analyze the difficulty degree,supply and demand for social assistance and its willingness.The results show that:the proportion of“long-term difficulties”families is higher than that of“occasional difficulties”or“stage difficulties”in the urban low-income groups.The lower the income,the greater the degree of difficulty;the phenomenon of“income is not equal to expenditure”is prominent in the urban low-income groups;more than 50%of the surveyed families have difficulties in maintaining basic daily life;“expenditure difficulties”mainly come from medical expenses.In demand of social assistance,although the proportion of material needs is high,the spiritual needs are indispensable.The existing policy-based social assistance supply is not yet complete,and the supply and demand match is inadequate,resulting in this group’s willingness to seek social assistance from the government.Therefore,some suggestions are put forward,including to accurately grasp the social assistance needs of urban low-income groups,to improve the employment security mechanism of urban low-income groups in the new period,and to establish a sound medical assistance and security mechanism for low-income urban groups.