社会融入与随迁老人的身心健康——基于深圳市调查数据的分析

Social Integration and Physical and Psychological Health of the Migrant Elderly Following Children:Based on Survey Data of Shenzhen City

随着城市化进程的快速推进,随迁老人群体日益壮大,相继出现一系列的社会融入和身心健康等问题,但学术界对此关注较少。基于2019年深圳市随迁老人的调查数据,我们对随迁老人的身心健康与社会融入进行系统考察,并分析社会融入对身心健康的影响状况。结果显示:第一,随迁老人的生理健康较好,但心理健康有待提升。具体而言,自评身体健康、基本健康的比例分别为21.1%和63.4%,患有慢性病的比例为43.9%,一年内曾住院的比例为19.9%;躯体化、抑郁情绪和积极情绪三个心理健康维度得分分别是44.3、19.4、61.3(总分100)。第二,区别以往的横向划分,将社会融入由内往外划分为心理融入、家庭融入、社区融入、区域融入和制度融入5个维度进行探究,发现随迁老人的社会融入水平整体比较一般,其中家庭融入、经济适应、身份认同状况较好,心理距离、社区交往、文化适应、制度融入水平一般,而社区参与水平极低。第三,社会融入对随迁老人的身心健康具有重要作用,除制度融入外,家庭融入、社区融入、区域经济适应以及心理融入4个维度均有不同程度的积极效应,其中家庭融入的作用最为突出。据此,若要进一步提升随迁老人的身心健康水平,需要个人、家庭、社区和政府等多方施力,关注随迁老人的社会融入,并提供相应的条件与支持。

With the process of urbanization,there are more and more“migrant elderly following children”(MEFC).However,the academic circle pays little attention to them.This article investigates the physical and psychological health and social integration of the MEFC by means of survey data collected in Shenzhen City.This article also analyzes the effect of social integration on their physical and psychological health.The result shows that,firstly,the physical health of the MEFC is good,but psychological health needs to be improved.Among them,84.5%are physically healthy based on their self-rating,43.9%have chronic diseases and 19.9%have been hospitalized within one year.The scores of three dimensions in psychological health such as somatic symptom,depressive emotion and positive emotion are 44.3,19.4 and 61.3 respectively.Secondly,different from previous horizontal division,this study divides social integration into 5 dimensions as psychological integration,family integration,community integration,regional integration and institutional integration from the inside out.It finds that the social integration level of MEFC is ordinary in general;the family integration is good while the community participation level is quite low.Thirdly,each dimension of social integration plays an important role in MEFC’s physical and psychological health,especially family integration,community integration,regional economy adaption,and psychological integration.Therefore,individuals,families,communities and the government should further jointly play a corresponding role in promoting MEFC’s social integration and health level.