检察机关提起刑事附带民事诉讼之客观范围

The Objective Scope of Civil Suits Collateral to Criminal Proceedings Initiated by Procuratorial Organs

检察机关提起刑事附带民事诉讼以救济国家财产、集体财产损失为根本目的,其客观范围仅限于犯罪嫌疑人的违法行为给国家财产、集体财产造成的物质损失。自2018年3月“两高”发布有关检察公益诉讼的解释、确立刑事附带民事公益诉讼制度以来,国家财产、集体财产利益与公共利益之间的复杂关系,给司法实践中如何正确把握检察机关提起刑事附带民事诉讼之客观范围造成了困惑。尤其是当犯罪嫌疑人的违法行为既给国家财产、集体财产造成物质损失,又同时侵害社会公共利益时,如何合理划定检察机关提起刑事附带民事诉讼与刑事附带民事公益诉讼客观范围之界限,就成为一个亟待解决的重要问题。对此,虽然最高人民检察院曾陆续发布文件对检察机关提起附带民事诉讼与附带民事公益诉讼的界限进行规范,但其仅为现阶段降低刑事附带民事公益诉讼案件占比、平衡检察公益诉讼案源结构的权宜之计,并未真正体现检察机关提起刑事附带民事诉讼的制度特征,有些条文之间甚至存在冲突。通过研究认为,国家财产、集体财产利益与公共利益之间既有重叠,又有分离,国家财产、集体财产利益属于工具层面的利益形态,公共利益属于价值层面的利益形态。当犯罪嫌疑人的违法行为仅造成国家财产、集体财产损失,未侵害社会公共利益时,应属于检察机关提起刑事附带民事诉讼的范围;当犯罪嫌疑人的违法行为既造成国家财产、集体财产损失,又同时侵害社会公共利益时,应将其纳入刑事附带民事公益诉讼的范围。

The fundamental purpose of civil suits collateral to criminal proceedings initiated by procuratorial organs is to relieve the loss of state property and collective property,and its objective scope is limited to the material damage of state property and collective property caused by the criminal act.Since the establishment of the system of civil public interest suits collateral to criminal proceedings in the“Interpretation of Public Interest Litigation”,the separation between state property,collective property interests and public interests has caused confusion in understanding the objective scope of civil suits collateral to criminal proceedings initiated by procuratorial organs in judicial practice.Especially when a criminal act not only causes material damage to state property and collective property,but also infringes on the public interest,how to reasonably delineate the boundary between the objective scope of the civil suits collateral to criminal proceedings and that of civil public interest suits collateral to criminal proceedings.It becomes an important problem to be solved urgently.This research suggests that when a criminal act only causes the loss of state property and collective property,without infringing on the public interest,the litigation should be a civil suit collateral to criminal proceedings brought by the procuratorial organ.But when a criminal act causes both state property and collective property loss,and also infringes on the public interest,it should be a civil public interest litigation collateral to criminal proceedings.