社会公正及司法公正之思辨

On Social Justice and judicial Justice

公正就是公平正义。公平指公道、平等,处理事情不偏袒某一方。司法公平,是社会公平的底线。正义指正当之理,有利民众之事,具有人民性。正义要对政治、法律、道德等是非、善恶作出评判。法律有实体和程序的二元正义。一般在无法求得案情真实之时,才会舍弃实体正义,单纯追求程序正义。如不是这种局限,而人为地割裂实体和程序,就有非正义因素。法律的自由裁量,应以公平正义为指引。公正纵然有历史性和相对性,但其仍是协调社会关系的普遍准则。公平正义的实现有赖于法治。司法公正虽是一种有限公正,但它仍是法治社会被广泛认可的社会公正。

Justice is justice.Fairness means reasonable,equality and indifference when dealing with things.Judicial fairness is the base line of social fairness.Justice means appropriate reasons and is good for public.Justice should make affirmative judge to politics,law,morality and other good and evil.Law is binary justice with entity and procedure.Usually when the truth cannot be achieved,entity justice is abandoned and procedure justice is preferred.While separate them artificially,there remains unjust factors.Legal free appreciation should be guided by its fairness and justice.Even though it has historic and relativity,but it still the rule which coordinate social relationship.In addition,law is the institutional guarantee.Judicial fairness is limited justice,but it still a social fairness which widely recognized by society with rule of law.