认罪认罚从宽制度中被害人权利保障研究

Victim Right Protection in Guilty Plea Leniency System

被害人权利保障难题伴随认罪认罚从宽制度的推行隐患凸显,其所呈现出的理论研究匮乏、制度保障疏漏、实践关照缺失等现状导致认罪认罚从宽新语境下被害人权利的保障矛盾被推向理论的风口浪尖。因此,在新视角下对旧问题作出新的梳理尤为必要。以原因为视角,认罪认罚从宽制度中权利保障的缺位不仅在于刑事被害人在诉讼程序中易被边缘化的司法惯性,还在于认罪认罚从宽的效率优先价值与权利保障价值具有先天张力。以必要性为视角,效率的提升不能以原则的让位为代价,认罪认罚从宽制度作为实现刑事案件简繁分流的有力手段不仅应该贯彻刑诉法的原则,同样还要实现制度自洽、逻辑自洽,而构建被害人权利保障格局则是重要途径。遗憾的是,制度回应的形式化让被害人权利保障面临挑战。以权利的实质性提升为导向构建认罪认罚从宽制度中被害人权利体系格局不仅是保障形式化权利真正得到运行的有效手段,同时还是推动认罪认罚从宽制度高质高效发展的有力抓手。

The problem of victim rights protection is highlighted with the implementation of guilty plea leniency system.The lack of theoretical research,the omission of system protection and the absence of practical care have caused contradiction in the new context.Therefore,it is necessary to comb old problems from a new perspective.The reason of rights protection absence lies not only in the judicial inertia that the criminal victim is easily marginalized in the proceedings,but also in the inherent tension between the efficiency priority value of guilty plea leniency and the value of rights protection.From the perspective of necessity,the improvement of efficiency cannot be at the cost of the abdication of principle.As a powerful means to separate simple criminal cases and complicated ones,the guilty plea leniency system should not only implement the principle of criminal procedure law,but also realize the inner harmonious of system and logic,and the construction of victim rights protection pattern is an important way.However,the formalization of institutional response challenges the protection.The protection pattern guided by the substantive improvement of rights should be constructed so as to guarantee the real operation of formal rights and to promote the high-quality and efficient development of the system.