基于Revit和Pathfinder的地铁车站安全疏散模拟研究

Study on the simulation of subway station safety evacuation based on Revit and Pathfinder

针对地铁运营阶段的安全疏散问题,以实际地铁车站运营为例,将Revit软件与Pathfinder软件相结合,绘制BIM三维模型,导入Pathfinder软件生成疏散模型,仿真模拟多状态下地铁乘车人员的安全疏散过程,并进一步模拟地铁满负荷状态下的乘车人员疏散场景。研究结果表明:当人员密度达到2.90人/m^(2)时,疏散时将会发生踩踏事件,疏散被迫中断;此时,地铁疏散瓶颈为站台层与站厅层相接的楼梯口处,此处人员数量饱和,存在严重拥挤现象;在站台层合理增设消防出口或在站厅层增设安全出口,可以减轻疏散压力。

Aiming at the problem of safe evacuation in the subway operation stage,this paper takes the actual subway station operation as an example,combines Revit software with Pathfinder software,designs a BIM 3D model,uses the Pathfinder software to generate the evacuation model,simulates the safe evacuation process of subway passengers in multiple states,and further simulates the evacuation scenario of subway passengers under full load.The research results show that when the personnel density reaches 2.90 people/m^(2),there will be a stampede during evacuation,and the evacuation will be suspended.At this point,the evacuation bottleneck of the subway is the landing of platform floor and station hall floor,where the number of people is saturated and serious congestion exists.Reasonable addition of fire exits on platform floor or safety exits on station hall floor can reduce evacuation pressure.