抚仙湖径流区不同氮磷钾肥运筹对烤烟产量和质量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Management on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in the Fuxian Lake Runoff Area

为探索抚仙湖径流区优质烟叶生产最佳肥料管理技术,研究了不同氮、磷、钾肥用量对烤烟农艺性状、外观质量、内在化学成分及产量和质量的影响。结果表明:当N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O肥用量分别为90、45和405 kg/hm^(2)时,烟株的株高、茎围、有效叶数和叶面积系数等农艺性状表现最优;烤后烟叶外观质量好,综合评价得分最高;化学成分含量适宜且协调性较好,烟碱、氯离子、氧化钾、两糖差、糖碱比和非烟碱氮/总氮符合云南中烟清香Ⅰ型优质烟叶化学成分标准要求;烟叶产量、产值、均价、上等烟比例和上中等烟比例等经济指标表现最优。

In order to determine the optimum fertilizer management technology for high-quality tobacco production in the Fuxian Lake runoff area,the effects of different amounts of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on agronomic characters,appearance quality,internal chemical composition,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied.The results show that when N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O fertilizers were respectively applied at 90,45 and 405 kg/hm^(2),the agronomic traits such as plant height,stem circumference,effective leaf number and leaf area coefficient of tobacco plants performed best;the appearance quality of the roasted tobacco leaves was good and the comprehensive evaluation score was the highest;the contents of chemical components were appropriate with a good harmony;the indices including nicotine,chloride ion,potassium oxide,difference of total sugar and reducing sugar,ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine and non-nicotine nitrogen/total nitrogen all met the requirements of chemical composition standard of Yunnan high-quality tobacco in China tobacco fragrance typeⅠ;the economic indicators including tobacco yield,output value,average price,the proportions of premium and premium-medium tobacco leaves,etc.achieved the best.