2020年邵东市水稻主要病虫害发生情况、原因及防治建议

Occurrence,Causes and Control Suggestions of Major Rice Diseases and Pests in Shaodong in 2020

介绍了2020年邵东市水稻主要病虫害发生情况,并进行原因分析。结果表明:由于上年田间病虫越冬基数较大以及稻田耕作制度变更为病虫害发生和危害提供了环境,再加上季节性降水等气象因素为病虫害发生和流行提供了便利,导致了2020年邵东市稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟、稻飞虱等水稻虫害大发生,纹枯病中等偏重发生,稻瘟病中等发生,且发生程度均重于2019年。尽管病虫害危害形势严峻,但通过及时预测病虫害发生趋势,采用"释放生物天敌+化学药剂"综合防控策略进行统防统治,2020年邵东市水稻病虫害防治取得了良好效果,挽回稻谷损失154160 t,占水稻总产(383754 t)的40.17%,实际损失稻谷3713 t,实际损失率为0.97%,低于5%的经济允许水平。

The occurrence of major rice diseases and pests in Shaodong in 2020 was introduced and the causes were analyzed.The results showed that the large overwintering base of field diseases and insect pests in the previous year and the change of paddy field farming system that provided an environment for the occurrence and harm of diseases and insect pests,and the meteorological factors such as seasonal precipitation that provided convenience for the occurrence and prevalence of diseases and insect pests had led to the large occurrence of rice pests such as Cnaphalocrocis medinalis,Chilo suppressalis and rice planthopper,the moderate-serious occurrence of sheath blight and the moderate occurrence of rice blast in Shaodong in 2020,which were all heavier than in 2019.Despite the severe situation of diseases and insect pests in Shaodong in 2020,it achieved good results by timely predicting the occurrence trend of diseases and insect pests and adopting the comprehensive prevention and control strategy of"releasing biological natural enemies+chemical agents",which had recovered 154160 tons of rice loss,accounting for 40.17%of the total rice output(383754 tons),thus the actual loss of rice was 3713 tons,and the actual loss rate was 0.97%,below the economic allowable level of 5%.