北京市土地利用变化及其生态环境效应研究

Study on Beijing Land Utilization Change and Its Ecological Environmental Effect

选取北京市2000年、2010年和2018年三期遥感影像数据,通过计算土地利用结构和动态变化、构建生态系统服务价值(ESV)模型,分析土地利用引起的生态敏感性。结果表明:(1)2000-2018年,北京市土地利用结构以林地、耕地和建设用地为主,林地变化平稳,建设用地扩张明显,耕地面积减小的趋势基本得到控制。(2)北京市2000、2010、2018年的ESV分别为380.30亿、421.29亿和479.72亿元,呈现上升的趋势,与土地利用强度呈现正相关,主要是因为林地对ESV贡献率最大,达到了65%以上;调节服务与支持服务始终是北京市生态系统服务的核心功能,其中气候调节、水文调节的贡献率最多。(3)2000-2018年北京市土地利用变化的生态敏感性指数呈现减小-增加的变化过程,经济的高速发展带来的土地利用强度的变化对北京市的ESV影响强烈。(4)根据北京市土地利用和ESV变化情况,提出了对策建议。

Remote sensing image data of Beijing in 2000,2010,and 2018 were used in calculating the land utilization structure and dynamic change to construct ecosystem service value(ESV)model,and the ecological sensitivity caused by land utilization was analyzed.Results showed that:(1)The land utilization structure was dominated by woodland,cultivated land and construction land in Beijing from 2000 to 2018.Forestland change was stable,the expansion of construction land was obvious,and the decreasing trend of cultivated land area was basically controlled.(2)ESV value was 38.03 billion RMB in 2000,42.129 billion RMB in 2010,and 47.972 billion RMB in 2018,respectively,presenting a rising trend,which was positively correlated with land utilization intensity,because woodland contributed most to ESV by more than 65%.Regulation and support services were always the core functions of ecosystem services in Beijing,and climate regulation and hydrological adjustment contributed the most.(3)Ecological sensitivity index of land utilization change in Beijing from 2000 to 2018 showed a change process of first decreasing and then increasing.Along with the rapid economic development,land utilization intensity changed and made a strong influence on ESV in Beijing.(4)According to the changes of land utilization and ESV in Beijing,countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.