贵州樟江流域生物多样性保护优先格局评估

Evaluation of Spatial Prioritization for Biodiversity Conservation in the Zhangjiang River Basin,Guizhou Province

文章以贵州樟江流域为典型案例,运用保护格局优化和流域景观尺度系统保护规划的前沿软件Zonation4GUI统计46种保护对象的物种分布,以集水区为单元,对物种适宜栖息地进行基于互补性算法的优先排序;结合城镇发展成本、生境退化、优先权重分析等迭代计算,制定两种高价值保护优先格局和保护情景方案,评估优化前后两种情景中一、二、三级优先区保护格局的保护目标实现情况。结果显示,在生态完整性优先的保护格局情景中加入小于6%的优先区域,可增加31.6%的保护物种完全实现保护目标,全面提高各保护对象的保护效率;在城镇发展成本参与迭代的保护情景中加入6%的优先区域,达到保护目标的保护对象的比例增加了13.2%,未受保护的对象清零。因此,通过生物多样性保护优先格局的整合优化可以达成化解生态保护和城镇发展用地矛盾、提高保护成效的目的,对推进流域生态文明建设和可持续发展目标实现具有借鉴意义。

With Zhangjiang River Basin as a case,the paper uses Zonation4GUI,the cutting-edge software for Spatial Conservation Prioritization and System Conservation Planning at watershed landscape scale,to make statistics of the distribution of 46 protected species.The prioritization produces a complementarity driven priority ranking of the given adaptive habitat based on each catchment cell.On top of that,by integrating urban development cost,habitat degradation,priority weight analysis and other algorithms,high-value prioritized conservation areas and conservation strategies targeted at two scenarios are mapped out,whereby the conservation efficiency of Class I,II,and III of prioritized conservation patterns under the 2 conservation scenarios before and after optimization is evaluated.The research findings show that by adding less than 6%of priority areas to the conservation pattern scenario featuring prioritized ecological integrity,an increase by 31.6%of protected species can be achieved,fully accomplishing the conservation targets.In the scenario where urban development cost is added in iteration,the adding by 6%of priority areas can witness an increase by 13.2%of the protected species which meet the conservation target,and the number of unprotected species is down to zero.Research shows that the contradiction between ecological conservation and urban development land use can be resolved by optimizing and adjusting the spatial pattern of biodiversity conservation,which can also refine conservation effectiveness.On that account,it is of referential significance to promote the development of watershed-wide ecological civilization and materializing sustainable development.