三明市主城区城市森林景观格局及功能

Urban Forest Landscape Pattern and Function in the Core Area of Sanming City

文章运用GIS技术和景观格局分析方法对三明市主城区景观格局演变进行分析,并初步阐明研究区内林地景观对城市生态环境的影响。结果表明:研究区景观基质为林地景观,面积约占90%,城市景观类型变化情况显著,林地、耕地和水域的面积在不断减少,建筑用地和裸地的面积在持续增长,并且在2014—2019年建设用地的总体面积超过了总体耕地面积;2009—2019年建设用地具有最大动态度,景观类型转化过程中以耕地、林地和裸地转化为建筑用地为主要特征;在研究时段内,三明市主城区的总体景观破碎化程度和景观异质性在持续增加,各景观斑块间的连接度有所降低,斑块形状也越来越复杂;林地景观作为研究区的优势景观,其格局较为丰富,景观多样性较高,以常绿针叶林斑块与竹林斑块为主;林地景观的面积在减少,林地景观斑块个数在不断增加,林地景观的团聚程度被打破,这将进一步对城市生态服务功能产生不利影响。

This paper analyzes the evolution of the landscape pattern in the core area of Sanming City using GIS technology and landscape pattern analysis methods,and preliminarily clarifies the impact of forest landscape in the study area on the urban ecological environment.The results show that the landscape matrix in the study area is woodland landscape,which accounts for about 90% of the area.The types of urban landscape have changed significantly.The area of woodland,arable land and waters has been continuously decreasing,while the area of construction land and bare land has been continuously increasing,and the total area of construction land exceeded the total area of arable land between 2014 and 2019.Construction land had the greatest degree of dynamics from 2009 to 2019,and the conversion of arable land,woodland and bare land to construction land dominated the process of landscape conversion.During the research period,the fragmentation and heterogeneity of the landscape in the core area of Sanming City have continued,the connectivity between the landscape patches decreased,and the patch shapes become more and more complex.As the dominant landscape in the study area,the woodland landscape boasts a richer pattern and a higher diversity,mainly in evergreen coniferous forest patches and bamboo forest patches.The area of woodland landscapes is decreasing while the number of landscape patches is increasing,and the aggregation degree of the woodland landscape has been broken,which will further adversely affect the urban ecological service and function.