华重楼皂苷含量的生态影响因素及抚育模式研究进展

Advances in the Influence of Ecological Factors on the Content of Saponins and Planting Patterns of Paris polyphylla var.chinensis

华重楼是我国重要的传统药材,过度采挖导致野生资源锐减,甚至一些分布区的野生华重楼已经消失。人工种植华重楼是解决重楼资源供需矛盾的有效途径。华重楼入药部位是根茎,其中重楼皂苷含量是重楼药材质量控制的一个标准。根据近年的研究成果和调查资料,对华重楼根茎及地上部分的皂苷含量差异、生态因子影响以及抚育模式等方面进行了总结与比较,结果发现,华重楼的种子、种皮及叶片等部位也含有较丰富的皂苷,但低于根茎的皂苷含量;气候因子和土壤因子是影响华重楼生长发育及根茎皂苷含量的主要生态因子;在实践中,目前以林下抚育和荫棚种植为主,适当遮阴或适宜的林地郁闭度有利于华重楼的生长及根茎增长。此外,对华重楼皂苷研究与种植方面存在的主要问题进行了评述,并提出了今后的研究方向。

The species of Paris polyphylla var.chinensis is one of the Chinese traditional medicinal materials.However,the wild resources of this species are sharply decreasing due to excessive unscientific collection and digging,even already resulting in such a phenomenon that the wild P.polyphylla var.chinensis of a few natural distribution areas has disappeared.Artificially planting P.polyphylla var.chinensisis is largely increasing,which has been considered as an effective way to solve the contradiction between supply and demand of Paris resources・The medical part of this medical species is mainly the rhizome and the saponin content in the dry rhizomes must satisfy the official standard in China.Based on the research and investigation in recent years,the difference of saponin content in the rhizome and aboveground part of P.polyphylla var.chinensis,the influences of ecological factors and planting patterns were summarized and analyzed in this paper.Seeds,seed coats and leaves of this species also contain abundant saponins,however,lower than that of the rhizome.And the climatic factors and soil factors are the leading ecological factors affecting the saponin content in the rhizome.In practice,planting P.poluphylla var.chinensis under forest and in shade shed is major type at present,and appropriate shading treatments and canopy density can improve both the growth of the whole plant and its rhizome.In addition,some main problems occurring in studying saponins and planting P.poluphylla var.chinensis were commented on,and a few study directions worth exploring in the future were put forward.