乡村振兴视域下农村突发公共事件的法治保障

The legal Guarantee of Public Emergency in Rural Areas from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization

国家的根基在农村,乡村兴则国家兴,推进乡村振兴战略是实现国家治理体系现代化的固本之策。在乡村治理体系现代化建设的过程中,重大突发公共事件的应对,是衡量一个国家治理水平和政府服务供给能力的基础。检视我国重大突发事件的法治保障机制,现有的法律保障制度尚未形成统一体系,法律规范参差不齐,具体适用上原则性规定过多,而实施细则配套缺位,常设性应急机构运转机制尚未完善,紧急状态下行政授权和行使缺乏明确法律规定,公民个人权利的维护缺乏制度保障。受人口素质、地缘劣势等因素影响,乡村是法治建设的薄弱地带,推进乡村振兴战略,规范重大突发公共事件处置过程中的法治保障,需要依托宪法的宏观指导,以行政权的具体运用为规范内容,健全应急管理法律体系。运用民商事法律规范和刑事司法权,坚持从严从重从快严厉惩处与突发公共事件相关的违法犯罪行为,调控经济关系,推进法治乡村建设步伐。

Rural areas are the foundation of a country,and rural prosperity means national prosperity.Rural revitalization strategy is a solid foundation for modernizing the national governance system.In the process of modernization of rural governance system,the response to major public emergencies is the basis of measuring a country’s governance level and government service supply capacity.By examining the legal guarantee mechanism of major emergencies in China,the paper finds that the existing legal guarantee system has not yet formed a unified system,the legal norms are uneven,there are too many provisions in principle on the specific application while the supporting implementation rules are missing,the operation mechanism of permanent emergency agencies is not perfect,there are no clear legal provisions on the administrative authorization and exercise in emergencies,and the protection of individual rights of citizens lacks system guarantee.Affected by factors such as population quality and geographical disadvantage,rural areas are weak in the construction of the rule of law.To promote the rural revitalization strategy and standardize the legal guarantee in the handling of major public emergencies,it is necessary to rely on the macro guidance of the Constitution,take the specific application of administrative power as the standard content,and perfect the legal system of emergency management.The article suggests using civil and commercial legal norms and criminal judicial power,insisting on strictly and severely punishing crimes related to public emergencies,regulating economic relations,and promoting the pace of rural construction under the rule of law.