确定判决对案外第三人权益的损害及其救济原理

On the Damage to the Rights and Interests of a Third Party Caused by the Final Judgment and Its Remedies

传统观点认为,判决效力相对性抗辩足以保护案外第三人权益,不受确定判决效力拘束的案外第三人应当通过另行起诉的方式谋求救济。判决效力相对性原则可以充当案外第三人另行起诉的理论基础,另行起诉通常可以向案外第三人提供更为充分的正当程序保障,但势必带来案外第三人权益救济不及时、正当程序保障滞后、判决相互矛盾等问题。以人民为中心的民事司法应当保障不具有可归责性的案外第三人可以及时、彻底地消除确定判决给其造成的不利影响。反思确定判决与案外第三人权益之间的关系,是科学构建案外第三人权益救济体系的先决性理论问题。

Traditionally,the principle that the effect of judgment is relative is believed to be adequate for protecting the rights and interests of a third party.The third party who is not bound by the final judgment can seek relief by bringing another civil action.It is true that such a principle can provide theoretical ground for the third party to bring an independent civil action,and guarantee a due process.However,it may also pose some problems:the due process guaranteed for the third party may lag behind,and hence the relief granted to the third party may be untimely;the judgment of the independent civil action may contradict with the previous one.Therefore,a people-centered civil justice should guarantee that the third party that cannot be subjectively imputed can timely and completely eliminate the adverse effect of a final judgment.However,reflecting on the relationship between the final judgment and the rights and interests of the third party is a prerequisite for addressing theoretical issues concerning the scientific construction of the civil judicial relief system.