弥散张量成像在HIV相关脑损伤中的应用及技术进展

Application and technical progress of diffusion tensor imaging in human immunodeficiency virus-associated brain injury

人类中枢神经系统(CNS)感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)后会对大脑造成持续损伤。尽管目前抗逆转录病毒治疗已经成功应用于AIDS,患者仍可能出现认知、行为和运动异常,导致艾滋病毒相关神经认知障碍(HAND)。弥散张量成像(DTI)可检测脑白质的细微结构功能变化,敏感性高,可为HAND的早期诊断、潜在机制提供影像学依据,同时在监测疾病进展、评估治疗方案的疗效方面发挥重要作用。本文从临床应用角度对近年来DTI在HIV相关脑损伤研究中的应用及技术进展进行了综述,以期为临床工作者提供参考。

Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)enters central nervous system(CNS)early after infecting humans and cause persistent brain damage.Despite successful antiretroviral treatment,infected individuals will still progress to cognitive,behavioral and motor abnormalities,which are called HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders(HAND).Diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)has a high sensitivity in detecting microstructural and functional changes in the white matter,providing unique imaging insights into the early diagnosis and potential mechanism of HAND.In addition,DTI plays an important role in monitoring disease progression and evaluating the efficacy of treatment programs.This review summarizes and analyzes the application and technical progress of DTI in HIV-associated brain injury in recent years,aiming to provide reference for clinical workers.