数值模拟及发烟测试在某研究所喷砂间矽尘危害治理中的应用

Application of numerical simulation and smoke test in the treatment of silicon dust hazard in a research institute

目的针对某研究所喷砂间矽尘浓度超标问题,提出职业病防护设施治理方案并对实施效果进行验证,以降低职业病风险。方法采用职业卫生现场调查与检测、数值模拟、发烟测试等方法,于2018年4-8月对该所喷砂间矽尘危害程度进行了现场调查与检测,提出工程治理方案,并对实施效果进行验证检测与评估。结果引入数值模拟法,采用除尘净化一体式设备+风幕+自流平地面方案,实施后经现场验证检测,喷砂工接触矽尘总尘、呼尘的时间加权平均浓度由7.0、3.36 mg/m^(3)分别降至0.5、0.27 mg/m^(3),达到国家职业接触限值要求。结论采用数值模拟结合发烟测试,可迅速查找出通风除尘设施、气流组织方式存在的问题,提出治理方案并直观验证,可在职业病防护设施设计、工程治理中推广运用。

Objective To reduce the risk of occupational disease,the control scheme of occupational disease prevention facilities is put forward and the implementation effect is verified.Methods Field investigation and detection,numerical simulation,smoke test and other methods are used to investigate and detect the harm degree of silica dust in the sand blasting room of the institute from April to August 2018,to put forward the project treatment plan,and verify,test and evaluate the implementation effect.Results With the introduction of numerical simulation method,the scheme of dust removal and purification integrated equipment,air curtain and self leveling ground was adopted.After the implementation,the time weighted average concentration of sand blasting workers exposed to silica dust was reduced from 7.0 mg/m^(3) and 3.36 mg/m^(3) to 0.5 mg/m^(3) and 0.27 mg/m^(3) respectively,which reached the national occupational exposure limit.Conclusion By using numerical simulation and smoke test,the problems of ventilation and dust removal facilities and air distribution mode can be found out quickly,and the treatment scheme can be put forward and verified intuitively,which can be widely used in the design and engineering treatment of occupational disease prevention facilities.