甘肃河西地区历史遗址分布及其自然环境背景

Distribution and natural environment background of sites in Hexi region,Gansu,China

研究历史遗址的空间分布,有助于深入了解历史时期人类活动与自然地理环境的关系,从而更加科学有效地管理和保护历史文化遗址。以河西地区3654处历史文化遗址为研究对象,结合当时的历史文化背景,在GIS技术的支持下,对河西地区历史文化遗址的空间分布特征及其自然影响因素进行了研究。结果显示:研究区历史文化遗址受自然环境的影响较大,但不同遗址类型受影响的程度不大相同,军事设施遗址和石窟寺及石刻遗址更反映地形和区位因素,居住址和城址则对水源和综合自然条件的要求更严格;除军事和宗教遗址外,生产和生活型遗址点多分布于海拔2200 m以下、距河流不超过10 km、坡度小于15°的平地、微斜坡、缓斜坡和斜坡上;为获取更多的生存空间,人们生产生活一般选择在走廊绿洲平原区,对坡向的要求不显著;遗址呈现出以石羊河中游、黑河中游及北大河中下游3个高密集分布区,另外在疏勒河中游和党河中下游存在2个较高密集分布区。

The study of the spatial distribution of historical and cultural sites can give us a deep understanding of the relationship between human activities and natural geographical environment in historical periods,which can manage and protect historical and cultural sites more scientifically and effectively.This paper takes 3654 historical and cultural sites in the Hexi region as the research object,combines the natural environment and historical and cultural background at that time,and with the support of GIS technology to determine the spatial distribution characteristics and natural influencing factors of historical and cultural sites in the Hexi area.The results show that the historical and cultural sites in the study area are greatly affected by the natural environment,but different types of sites are affected to different degrees.The sites of military facilities and stone carvings of grotto temples reflect more on the terrain and location factors while the residential addresses and urban sites have more strict requirements on water source and comprehensive natural conditions.Except for military and religious sites,production and life sites are mostly located on flat land,micro slopes,gentle slopes and slopes with an altitude of less than 2200 m,a distance of no more than 10 km from the river,and a slope of less than 15°.In order to obtain more living space,people generally choose to live in the corridor oasis plain area,and the requirements for slope orientation are not significant.The site presents three high-density distribution areas in the middle reaches of the Shiyang River,the middle reaches of the Heihe River,and the middle and lower reaches of the Beida River.In addition,there are 2 high-density distribution areas in the middle reaches of the Shule River and the middle and lower reaches of the Danghe River.