沙河水库水禽分布及其栖息环境特征分析

Analysis of distribution and habitat characteristics of waterfowl in Shahe Reservoir

2020年3—11月期间对沙河水库开展了水禽多样性监测,并对水禽栖息环境进行了对比分析,监测分析表明:沙河水库低水位运行有效拓展了水禽栖息空间,提升了栖息环境质量,项目区共调查记录到36种水鸟,隶属6目10科,普通鸬鹚、苍鹭、小白鹭和赤麻鸭为优势种,并观测到国家一级重点保护鸟类遗鸥,国家二级重点保护鸟类有白琵鹭、小天鹅、鸿雁和斑头秋沙鸭等;迁徙季单次观测到水禽种类最大达19种,数量达1154只,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数也达到2.17高值,说明沙河水库及周边河段是迁徙水禽如雁鸭类和鹭类的理想停歇地;对比分析提出了适宜水禽栖息的环境特征参数,可作为水禽栖息地营造的参考。

This study carried out the waterfowl diversity monitoring on the Shahe Reservoir from March 2020 to November 2020 and conducted a comparative analysis of the habitat environment of waterfowl.The investigation and analysis showed that the low water level operation of Shahe Reservoir effectively expanded the habitat space of waterfowl and improved the quality of the habitat environment.A total of 36 species of waterfowl,belonging to 6 orders and 11 families,were recorded in the project area.Little egret and Red duck were the dominant species.Moreover,Relict Gull of the first-class national key protected birds,as well as the white spoonbill,Little Swan,goose,and spotted merganser of the second-class national key protected birds had been observed.In the migration season,the largest number of waterfowl species was 19,and the Shannon Wiener diversity index was 2.17,which indicated that the Shahe Reservoir and its surrounding reaches were ideal resting places for migratory waterfowl such as geese,ducks,and herons.In this paper,the environmental characteristic parameters suitable for waterfowl habitat were put forward by comparative analysis,which could be used as a reference for waterfowl habitat construction.