黔中地区大茶树种质资源基于形态性状的遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity of Tea Germplasm in Central Guizhou Based on MorphologicalCharacters

为有效保护和利用黔中地区大茶树种质资源,探索其遗传多样性,本研究以2047份黔中地区大茶树种质资源为材料,对其树型、树姿、叶色等18个形态性状进行遗传多样性分析、主成分分析以及聚类分析并构建核心种质库。结果表明,黔中地区大茶树种质资源的形态性状具有较丰富的遗传多样性。数量性状中遗传多样性指数H'最高的是冠幅值,为1.13,均值为0.95,变异系数为29.41%~42.95%,均值为31.39%;质量性状中遗传多样性指数H'最高的是叶质,为0.81;主成分分析显示,6个主成分因子的累计贡献率为54.94%;无权重聚类分析显示(UPGMA)2047份资源被分为7个组群。用DARwin中的最大长度子树方法对黔中地区大茶树种质资源进行核心种质构建,结果显示在791处构建核心种质1群体,在1248处构建核心种质2群体。本研究在调查这些大茶树形态性状的基础上,对其进行形态特征的系统鉴定以及遗传多样性分析,初步探索黔中地区大茶树种质资源的遗传多样性和遗传结构,旨在为黔中地区乃至贵州境内大茶树种质资源的创新利用提供理论参考。

In order to effectively protect and utilize the large tea germplasm resources in central Guizhou and explore their genetic diversity,2047 large tea germplasm resources in central Guizhou were used as materials in this study.The genetic diversity analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis of 18 morphological characters such as tree type,tree posture and leaf color were carried out and the core germplasm bank was constructed.Among the quantitative traits,the highest genetic diversity index H'was the crown width,with a value of 1.13,the average value was 0.95,the coefficient of variation was 29.41%~42.95%,and the average value was 31.39%.Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of six principal component factors was 54.94%.Unweighted cluster analysis showed that 2047(UPGMA)resources were divided into 7 groups.The method of maximum length sub-tree in DARwin was used to construct the core collection of large tea germplasm resources in central Guizhou.The results showed that core collection 1 population and core collection 2 population were constructed at 791 sites and 1248 sites respectively.Based on the investigation of the morphological charac-ters of these large tea plants, the systematic identification of their morphological characteristics and the analysis ofgenetic diversity were carried out in order to explore the genetic diversity and genetic structure of large teagermplasm resources in central Guizhou. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical reference for the innovationand utilization of tea germplasm resources in central Guizhou and even in Guizhou.