K型和F型小麦雄性不育系的恢保关系

The Restoring and Maintaining Characteristic among K-type and F-type Wheat Male Sterile Lines

为了挖掘和利用K型、F型小麦雄性不育系,本研究采用I2-KI染色法观察花粉败育类型,并以不育系为母本与583个优良小麦品种(系)为父本进行杂交,调查F1自交结实率,筛选其强恢复系和保持系,以期为杂交小麦育种提供理论支撑。结果表明,K型、F型不育系花粉败育率达96.97%、97.73%,花粉败育类型以染败、典败为主。K型和F型不育系的自交结实率(国内法)分别为4.61%、1.98%。F1的自交结实率(国际法)在100%以上共有34个,20%以下共有11个。‘良星805’、AQ001、‘临7287’、‘济麦22’是K型不育系的优良恢复系;‘宝8696’、‘农大3291’、‘科1201’、‘冀8906069’可用于转育新型K型不育系;‘宝8696’、‘15展24’、‘洛麦23’、‘临远801’是F型不育系的优良恢复系;‘15展11’、‘汶航6号’、‘林育5号’、‘丰优8号’可用于转育新型F型不育系。以上结果说明,K型和F型不育系花粉均败育彻底、稳定,易找到优良恢复系,且后者更易恢复。

In order to explore and utilize the pollen abortive characteristics of male sterile lines of K-type and F-type wheat and to screen their strong restorers lines and maintainers,the I2-KI staining method was used to observe the pollens types of sterile lines in flowering period,and 583 quality wheat varieties(lines)were hybridized with sterile lines to investigate the self-crossing seed setting rate on F1 of combinations.The results showed that:(1)The pollen sterility rate of K-type and F-type male sterile lines were as high as 96.97%and 97.73%,respectively.The main types of pollen abortion were stained aborted tape and typical aborted tape.(2)The self cross seed setting rate of K-type and F-type sterile lines(domestic)were 4.61%and 1.98%,respectively.(3)34 self-crossing seed set ting rate of F1(international)were more than 100%and 11 below 20%.(4)'Liangxing805',AQ001,'Lin7287','Jimai22'were excellent restorer lines to K-type sterile line.'Bao8696','Nongda3291','Ke1201','Ji8906069'could used as good maintainers for K-type sterile line.'Bao8696','15Zhan24','Luomai23','Linyuan801'were excellent restorer lines to F-type sterile line.'15Zhan11','Wenhang6','Linyu5','Fengyou8'could used as good maintainers for F-type sterile line.These results indicated that both K-type and F-type sterile lines were completely aborted and stable,and they were easy to find good maintainer lines and restorer lines,and the latter had stronger recovery capability.