平顶山市无偿献血人群隐匿性乙肝血清学特征分析

Serological Characteristics of Hidden Hepatitis B in Free Blood Donation in Pingdingshan City

目的分析平顶山市无偿献血人群隐匿性乙肝血清学特征分析。方法选取平顶山市中心血站2019年1~12月检测的51689例无偿献血者的血液标本,分别进行乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝核酸(HBV DNA)检测,明确HBsAg(-)/HBV DNA(+)献血者的性别、年龄分布情况及隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染(OBI)、乙肝两对半的血清学标志物分布模式。结果经检验筛查确定,平顶山市无偿献血人群中隐匿性乙肝患者仅45例,统计年OBI发病率为0.09%。OBI者中男性、35岁以上人群、血清学指标HBsAb、HBeAb、HBcAb阳性例数高于非OBI者,有统计学意义(P<0.05);OBI患者的HBcAb阳性率最高,达100%,HBeAb阳性率次之,为53.33%(P<0.05)。结论平顶山市无偿献血人群中隐匿性乙肝发病率为0.09%,核酸检测是降低单纯乙肝病毒抗原筛查所漏检的OBI的输血感染风险的有效方式,而对于存在HBeAb、HBcAb阳性结果献血者应进一步进行核酸测定,避免造成输血风险。

Objective To analyze the serological characteristics of occult hepatitis B(HBV)in unpaid blood donors in Pingdingshan.Methods Blood samples of 51689 unpaid blood donors were collected from Pingdingshan central blood station from January to December in 2019,respectively,to detect hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and hepatitis B nucleic acid(HBV DNA).Results After screening,45 cases of concealed hepatitis B among the blood donors in Pingdingshan were identified,and the incidence rate of OBI was 0.09%.The positive rate of HBsAb,HBeAb and HBcAb in male,population over 35 years old and positive cases of HBcAb were higher than those of non Obi patients(P<0.05);HBcAb positive rate of OBI patients was the highest(100%),followed by HBeAb positive rate(53.33%)(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence rate of latent hepatitis B among the voluntary blood donors in Pingdingshan is 0.09%.Nucleic acid detection is an effective way to reduce the risk of transfusion infection in OBI detected by the hepatitis B virus antigen screening.For those who have positive results of HBeAb and HBcAb,nucleic acid determination should be carried out further to avoid the risk of transfusion.