集成数据中心的综合能源系统能量流-数据流协同规划综述及展望

Review and Prospect on Coordinated Planning of Energy Flow and Workload Flow in the Integrated Energy System Containing Data Centers

集成数据中心的综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)成为能量流–数据流深度融合、双向互动的物理载体。IES为数据中心高效低碳供能,并利用数据中心的用能时空可调特性提质增效;数据中心推动IES数字化转型,并促进IES发展数据服务实现业务增值。该文对集成数据中心的IES能量流–数据流协同规划进行综述与展望。首先,梳理并总结了数据中心的数据网络分层架构、计算能耗建模方法和热力学过程建模方法;其次,分析了数据中心用能时空可调特性,探究了集成数据中心的IES能量流–数据流耦合机理;在此基础上,构建了能量流–数据流协同规划广义模型,并分别从跨区级、区域级和用户级3个层次进一步探究了集成数据中心的IES规划模型特点,提炼了规划模型的建模要素;最后,对集成数据中心的IES能量流–数据流协同规划未来发展方向进行了展望。

The integrated energy system(IES)containing data centers is the physical carrier of the deep integration and bi-directional interaction of energy flow and workload flow.IES can provide efficient and low-carbon energy for data centers,and utilize their spatiotemporal energy consumption regulation characteristics to improve the quality and efficiency of energy supply.Data centers contribute to the digital transformation of IES and promote IES to realize business value-added by developing data service.This paper reviewed and prospected the coordinated planning of energy flow and workload flow in the IES containing data centers.Firstly,the data network hierarchical architecture,computational energy consumption modeling methods,and thermodynamic modeling methods of data centers were analyzed.Then,the spatiotemporal energy consumption regulation characteristics of data centers were explored.The coupling mechanism of energy flow and workload flow was analyzed.On this basis,the general model of the coordinated planning of energy flow and workload flow was established.The characteristics of planning models were further analyzed from three levels of cross-regional-level,district-level,and user-level respectively.The modeling elements and key factors of planning models were also listed.Finally,the future development directions of the coordinated planning of energy flow and workload flow in the IES containing data centers were proposed.