基于农艺性状和叶片表型性状的艾种质资源多样性分析

Diversity of Artemisia argyi germplasm resources based on agronomic and leaf phenotypic traits

为研究艾种质资源的表型多样性,提高其栽培和育种的效率,该研究收集了来自全国59个地区的100份艾种质资源,并对其20个农艺性状和叶片表型性状进行观测和描述,进行了表型多样性分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。结果显示:20个性状的遗传多样性指数为0.82~4.37,其中遗传多样性指数最大的是基部叶裂深度,最小的是叶片宽;12个数量性状的变异系数为10.55%~41.47%,变异系数最大的为枯叶高,最小的为叶绿素含量,且除分支夹角外,各个数量性状均趋近正态分布;相关性分析显示有28对性状相关性达到极显著水平(P<0.01),13对性状相关性达到显著水平(P<0.05);根据主成分分析将20个性状简化为9个主成分,其累积贡献率为73.414%,进而筛选出株高、枯叶高、茎径、叶基对称度、托叶、叶尖形状、基部叶裂深度、第二对裂片深度、叶片产量等9个性状为艾种质资源农艺性状和叶片表型性状评价的关键指标;聚类分析在遗传距离为21.2时可将100份艾种质分为3个类群,第Ⅰ类群为矮株粗茎大叶型,第Ⅱ类群为高株宽幅高产型,第Ⅲ类群为矮株细茎阔叶形,可以为艾种质资源的栽培鉴定和品种选育提供基础。

In this study, in order to evaluate the phenotypic diversity of Artemisia argyi germplasm resources and improve its efficiency of cultivation and breeding, 100 accessions of A. argyi germplasm resources from 58 regions in China were collected, 20 agronomic traits and leaf phenotypic traits were observed and described. The data were used for phenotypic diversity analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The result showed that the genetic diversity index of 20 traits ranged from 0.82 to 4.37, among which the largest was the base depth and the smallest was the leaf width;the coefficient of variation of the 12 quantitative traits ranged from 10.55% to 41.47%. the highest coefficient of variation was the height of dead leaves, and the smallest was the content of chlorophyll, except for the angle of branches, all the quantitative characters tended to be normal distribution. The correlation analysis showed that 28 pairs of traits had significant correlation(P<0.01), and 13 pairs had significant correlation(P<0.05). According to principal component analysis, 20 traits were simplified into 9 principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate was 73.414%, nine traits including plant height, dead leaves heigh, stem diameter, symmetry of leave base, stipule, leaf tip shape, depth of the first pair of lobes, depth of the second pair of lobes and leaf yield were selected as key indexes for evaluating agronomic traits and leaf phenotypic traits of A.argyi germplasm resources. With cluster analysis, 100 accessions of A.argyi were classified into 3 groups, the groupⅠincluded the dwarf plants with thick stem and large leaf, the groupⅡincluded high plants with wide leaf and high yield, the group Ⅲ included dwarf plants with thin stem and flat bottom shape of leaf, which could provide the basis for cultivation identification and variety breeding of A.argyi germplasm resources.