嗓音发声类型的生理物理基础及其语言学价值

Physiological and Physical Basis of Phonation Types and Its Linguistic Value

嗓音发声类型一直是学界研究的热点,其研究内容涉及生理、声学和语言学三个方面。生理层面关注声带振动的肌肉控制,声学层面关注声带振动所对应的声学关联,语言学层面关注声带振动的生理和声学表现是否在语言中具有区别意义的功能。本文从生理、声学和语言学三个视角人手,阐述嗓音发声类型产生的生理机制和声学原理,并重点厘清语言发声类型研究中的一些基本问题,例如,语言发声类型的定义及常见类型、语言发声类型的研究方法及常用参数、语言发声类型和声调的关系、发声参数和基频的关系、特殊发声类型在声调感知中的作用等。最后,本文认为只有将声带振动的生理、声学和感知统一起来才能更好地理解语言发声类型的本质。

Phonation types is a hot issue in the phonetic and linguistic research within recent decades,which involves physiology,acoustics,and linguistics.The physiological level focuses on the muscle control of vocal fold vibration.The acoustic level focuses on the acoustic correlates corresponding to the vocal fold vibration.The linguistic level focuses on whether the physiological and acoustic performance of vocal fold vibration can express a distinctive function in language.This study discusses the physiological mechanisms and acoustic properties of phonation types cross-linguistically from the perspectives of physiology,acoustics,and linguistics.Moreover,some basic issues in the research of phonation types will be clarified in this paper,including the definition of phonation types,phonation types that occur commonly,the research methods and the parameters used commonly in examining phonation types,the relationship between phonation types and tone,the correlation between phonation measures and fundamental frequency,the role of non-modal phonation types in tone perception,and so on.Finally,this study suggests that only by integrating physiology,acoustics,and perception of vocal fold vibration can we better understand the nature of phonation types.