从动宾短语到情状副词:“极口”的词汇化

From Verb-Object Phrase to Manner Adverb

情状副词“极口”是由古代汉语中动词“极”和名词“口”构成的动宾短语降格而成。短语“极口”最早见于西汉时期,于隋唐五代时期开始其词汇化进程;宋代,“极口”由一个松散的动宾短语变成了一个情状副词;经由明清时期高频率地使用,“极口”进一步成熟,情状副词性质完全凸显。在“极口”词汇化的过程中,语义基础、句法位置以及认知机制起到了重要作用。

The manner adverb"jikou"(极口)is downgraded from verb-object phase of the verb"ji"(极)and the noun"kou"(口)in ancient Chinese.The phrase"jikou"(极口)first appeared in the Western Han Dynasty,and began its lexicalization process of the Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties;in the Song Dynasty,it changed from a loose verb-object phrase into a manner adverb;through the high frequency of use in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,"jikou"(极口)further matured,and the nature of manner adverb was fully highlighted.In the process of lexicalization,the semantic basis,syntactic position and cognitive mechanism play an important role.