种植方式影响春玉米生理成熟期子粒含水量和品质

Effect of planting patterns on grain moisture at physiological maturity stage in spring maize

子粒含水量会对机械直接收获玉料子粒质量产生影响,因此子粒含水量对玉米机械化生产至关重要。为了研究种植方式对玉米生理成熟期子粒含水量和子粒品质的影响,采用3种种植方式(东西行向、垄距为65 cm的均匀垄(UD);南偏西20°行向、宽窄行40~90 cm(WN1)和南偏西20°行向、宽窄行40~160 cm(WN2))种植玉米,测定不同种植方式下玉米生理成熟期子粒、叶片和茎秆、苞叶含水量以及子粒蛋白质、淀粉和油分含量。研究结果显示,与东西行向均匀垄种植方式UD相比,南偏西20°行向宽窄行的WN1和WN2的玉米生理成熟期子粒含水量显著下降,下降幅度为2.1%~2.9%。分析显示,子粒含水量的变化与冠层温度和相对湿度有关,同时与玉米的茎秆、叶片和苞叶含水率显著正相关关系。WN2处理的子粒的蛋白质含量显著低于UD处理,而UD处理的淀粉含量低于其他两种种植方式。

The high moisture content in maize kernel during harvest mainly causes the high broken rate of grain,which is a key problem in maize harvest of China.Aim to understand the effects of planting patterns on the moisture contents of kernel at physiological maturity stage in Northeast China,we conducted a field trial with three planting patterns(UD:uniform row,single 65 cm row,row orientation of east-west;WN1:narrow-wide rows,40 cm twin rows spaced 90 cm between paired-rows,row orientation of 20°south by west;WN2:narrow-wide rows,40 cm twin rows spaced 160 cm between paired-rows,row orientation of 20°south by west),and analyzed the moisture contents of kernel,leaf,stem and husk as well as the contents of protein,starch and oil in grain at physiological maturity stage.The results showed that the kernel moisture in WN1 and WN2 was 2.1%~2.9%significantly lower than that in UD at physiological maturity stage.And there were strong positive relationships between the moisture content of kernel and stem,leaves and husk.The grain protein content of WN2 was significant lower than that of UD,while the grain starch content of UD was significant lower than that of other two patterns.