我国矿区废弃地土壤种子库特征及其在生态修复中的应用

The characteristics of soil seed bank and its application in ecological restoration of abandoned mining areas in China

土壤种子库是指存在于土壤上层凋落物以及土壤中全部具有活力的种子,是植物对胁迫环境的适应以及植被恢复研究中的关键内容。作为地表植被群落潜在更新能力的重要组成部分,土壤种子库在退化生态系统的植被恢复过程中起着重要的作用,其研究已成为国内外退化生态系统植被恢复与重建领域的热点之一。由于矿区废弃地土壤的特点,矿区土壤种子库的研究需要参考特殊生境土壤种子库的研究成果。因此,本文在综合分析了国内外矿区废弃地生态修复以及土壤种子库相关研究的基础上,介绍了我国矿区废弃地土壤种子库的特点、生态修复中的作用以及生态修复的主要新技术。同时,针对矿区废弃地生态系统的特点,提出未来土壤种子库在矿区废弃地修复中的主要技术流程,主要包括修复区域生境背景值调查、构建,采用适宜的土壤种子库以及提高土壤种子库活力的技术手段进行修复,修复效果评价等环节。

A soil seed bank(SSB)is a set of viable seeds present in the soil and its surface litter,which is a major research content in the stressed environment for vegetation restoration and the adaptation mechanism.SSB serves as a potential seed source for regeneration of vegetation community and is crucial factor affecting the vegetation restoration of degraded ecosystems,especially for the mine ecosystems.Due to the special environmental characteristics of abandoned mining areas,the SSB studies of abandoned mining areas should make use of results of SSB in the other fragile habitats.Thus,this paper introduced not only characteristics of SSB in abandoned mining areas,but also the role of SSB in ecology system restoration,based on the literatures analysis.Besides,some new technologies in environment reclamation were also presented.Some suggestions concerning the future application of the SSB in restoring of abandoned mining areas were proposed based on the ecosystem characteristics of abandoned mining areas in China.The reclamation process of abandoned mining areas based on SSB should be applied according to the biotype backgrounds of the target areas,then the appropriate soil seed banks and its strengthening technologies should be determined,finally some fitting parameters should be selected to evaluate the ecological restoration of abandoned mining areas.