黄芩药效成分积累的生态因子特征分析

Characteristics Analysis of Ecological Factors in Accumulation of Effective Components in Scutellaria baicalensis

目的:探究黄芩主要药效成分含量积累与生态因子之间的相关性。方法:以一年生栽培黄芩为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法测定黄芩根部药效成分含量;通过气象站收集气象数据;根据《土壤农化分析》方法对土壤元素含量进行测定;利用DPS统计软件和SPSS统计软件进行相关分析。结果:温度与黄芩药效成分呈正相关关系,且高温的影响大于低温,在一定范围内黄芩药效成分(9.786%~12.735%)随着温度的升高而升高,影响黄芩药效成分含量积累的主要土壤无机元素是有效钾、有效锰、有效铜,其中有效锰与黄芩苷呈正相关性,有效铜与黄芩苷呈负相关性,有效钾与黄芩素、汉黄芩苷、汉黄芩素的含量呈正相关。在黄芩生长发育过程中适当的增加有效锰或减少有效铜含量有利于黄芩苷积累;提高有效钾的含量有利于黄芩素、汉黄芩苷、汉黄芩素的积累。结论:明确了显著影响黄芩药材质量的环境因子。在栽培选址过程中,应注意当地气温的变化,并根据当地土壤养分含量合理的增加或减少各土壤养分含量比例,以保证药材品质。

Objective: To explore the correlation between the accumulation of main effective components in Scutellaria baicalensis and ecological factors.Methods: The annual cultivation of Scutellaria baicalensis was taken as the research object, the contents of effective components in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis were determined by HPLC.The meteorological data were collected by meteorological stations and the contents of soil elements were determined according to the method of "Handbook of Soil Agrochemical Analysis".DPS statistical software and SPSS statistical software were used for correlation analysis.Results: There was a positive correlation between temperature and the effective components contents of Scutellaria baicalensis,and the effect of high temperature was greater than that of low temperature, the effective components contents of Scutellaria baicalensis(between 9.786% and 12.735%)increased with the increase of temperature in a certain range.The main soil inorganic elements that affected the accumulation of effective components contents in Scutellaria baicalensis were available potassium, available manganese and available copper, among them, available manganese had a positive correlation with baicalin, available copper had a negative correlation with baicalin, available potassium had positive correlation with baicalein, wogonoside and wogonin.During the growth and development of Scutellaria baicalensis,proper increase of available manganese or decrease of available copper content was beneficial to the accumulation of baicalin, while increase of available potassium content was beneficial to the accumulation of baicalein, wogonoside and wogonin.Conclusion: The environmental factors affecting the quality of Scutellaria baicalensis are identified.In the process of site selection for cultivation, attention should be paid to the changes of local temperature, and the proportion of soil nutrient content should be reasonably increased or decreased according to the local soil nutrient content, so as to ensure the quality of Scutellaria baicalensis.