溪黄草药材种质资源的表型多样性分析

Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Xihuangcao Germplasm Resources

目的:分析和评价溪黄草药材种质资源的表型多样性,为其种质资源的创新利用和线纹香茶菜2个变种的分类学研究提供依据。方法:观测来自23个居群的溪黄草、纤花香茶菜和狭基线纹香茶菜的9个表型性状,并进行方差分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。结果:9个表型性状在居群间存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著差异(P<0.01),在居群内差异不明显,其中溪黄草表型性状变异系数为7.93%~31.24%,纤花香茶菜、狭基线纹香茶菜为7.78%~29.71%;主成分分析显示,前三个主成分累积贡献率为溪黄草85.69%,纤花香茶菜和狭基线纹香茶菜81.78%,叶长宽比和千粒重均未被提取;系统聚类将溪黄草居群聚为3类,狭基线纹香茶菜未单独聚为一类,与纤花香茶菜一起聚为5类。结论:溪黄草药材种质资源具有较丰富的表型多样性,P2、P3、P7、P8、P10、P11、P18、P19居群长势较优,可考虑从中筛选优良种质;基于表型性状多样性分析纤花香茶菜与狭基线纹香茶菜差异不明显,建议将二者合并为纤花香茶菜。

Objective:To analyze and evaluate the phenotypic diversity of the germplasm resources of Xihuangcao,so as to provide a basis for the innovative utilization of the germplasm resources and the taxonomic study of the two variants of Isodon lophanthoides.Methods:Nine phenotypic traits of Isodon serra,Isodon lophanthoides var.graciliflorus and Isodon lophanthoides var.gerardianus from 23 populations were observed and analyzed by variance analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.Results:There were significant or extremely significant differences of 9 phenotypic traits between the populations(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but no significant differences within the population.Among them,the variation coefficient of phenotypic traits of Isodon serra was from 7.93%to 31.24%,and the variation coefficient of Isodon lophanthoides var.graciliflorus and Isodon lophanthoides var.gerardianus was from 7.78%to 29.71%.Principal component analysis results showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 85.69%of Isodon serra,81.78%of Isodon lophanthoides var.graciliflorus and Isodon lophanthoides var.gerardianus,and the ratio of leaf length and width and thousand seed weight were not extracted.The systematic clustering divided Isodon serra community into 3 categories,Isodon lophanthoides var.gerardianus together with Isodon lophanthoides var.graciliflorus were divided into 5 categories.Conclusion:There is abundant phenotypic diversity in the germplasm resources of Xihuangcao,P2,P3,P7,P8,P10,P11,P18 and P19 populations have better growth,and good germplasm selection can be considered.Based on the phenotypic diversity analysis,Isodon lophanthoides var.graciliflorus and Isodon lophanthoides var.gerardianus have no significant differences,so it is recommended to merge the two into Isodon lophanthoides var.graciliflorus.